ALKYNYL PYRROLO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINES AND RELATED ANALOGS AS HSP90-INHIBITORS

ABSTRACT

Alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and related analogs are described and demonstrated to have utility as Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) inhibiting agents used in the treatment and prevention of various HSP90 mediated disorders. Methods of synthesis and use of such compounds are also described and claimed.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/277,918, filed Mar. 29, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,544,672, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/666,899 filed Mar. 30, 2005, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates in general to alkynyl pyrrolopyrimidines and their broad-spectrum utility, e.g., in inhibiting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to thereby treat or prevent HSP90-mediated diseases.

BACKGROUND

HSP90s are ubiquitous chaperone proteins that are involved in folding, activation and assembly of a wide range of proteins, including key proteins involved in signal transduction, cell cycle control and transcriptional regulation. Researchers have reported that HSP90 chaperone proteins are associated with important signaling proteins, such as steroid hormone receptors and protein kinases, including, e.g., Raf-1, EGFR, v-Src family kinases, Cdk4, and ErbB-2 (Buchner J. TIBS 1999, 24, 136-141; Stepanova, L. et al. Genes Dev. 1996, 10, 1491-502; Dai, K. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 22030-4). Studies further indicate that certain co-chaperones, e.g., HSP70, p60/Hop/Sti1, Hip, Bag1, HSP40/Hdj2/Hsj1, immunophilins, p23, and p50, may assist HSP90 in its function (see, e.g., Caplan, A. Trends in Cell Biol. 1999, 9, 262-68).

HSP90 possesses a binding pocket at its N-terminus. This pocket is highly conserved and has weak homology to the ATP-binding site of DNA gyrase (Stebbins, C. et al., supra, Grenert, J. P. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 23843-50). Further, ATP and ADP have both been shown to bind this pocket with low affinity and to have weak ATPase activity (Proromou, C. et al. Cell 1997, 90, 65-75; Panaretou, B. et al. EMBO J. 1998, 17, 4829-36). In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that occupancy of this N-terminal pocket by ansamycins and other HSP90 inhibitors alters HSP90 function and inhibits protein folding. At high concentrations, ansamycins and other HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to prevent binding of protein substrates to HSP90 (Scheibel, T. H. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 1297-302; Schulte, T. W. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 24585-8; Whitesell, L., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 8324-8328). HSP90 inhibitors, e.g. ansamycins, have also been demonstrated to inhibit the ATP-dependent release of chaperone-associated protein substrates (Schneider, C. L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 1996, 93, 14536-41; Sepp-Lorenzino et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 16580-16587). In either event, the substrates are degraded by an ubiquitin-dependent process in the proteasome (Schneider, C. L., supra; Sepp-Lorenzino, L., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 16580-16587; Whitesell, L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 8324-8328).

HSP90 substrate destabilization occurs in tumor and non-transformed cells alike and has been shown to be especially effective on a subset of signaling regulators, e.g., Raf (Schulte, T. W. et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997, 239, 655-9; Schulte, T. W., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 24585-8), nuclear steroid receptors (Segnitz, B.; U. Gehring J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 18694-18701; Smith, D. F. et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995, 15, 6804-12), v-Src (Whitesell, L, et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 8324-8328) and certain transmembrane tyrosine kinases (Sepp-Lorenzino, L. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 16580-16587) such as EGF receptor (EGFR) and Her2/Neu (Hartmann, F., et al. Int. J. Cancer 1997, 70, 221-9; Miller, P. et al. Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 2724-2730; Mimnaugh, E. G., et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 22796-80(1; Schnur, R. et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 3806-3812), CDK4, and mutant p53. Erlichman et al. Proc. AACR 2001, 42, abstract 4474. The HSP90 inhibitor-induced loss of these proteins leads to the selective disruption of certain regulatory pathways and results in growth arrest at specific phases of the cell cycle (Muise-Heimericks, R. C. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 29864-72), and apoptosis, and/or differentiation of cells so treated (Vasilevskaya, A. et al. Cancer Res., 1999, 59, 3935-40). HSP90 inhibitors thus hold great promise for the treatment and/or prevention of many types of cancers and proliferative disorders, and also hold promise as traditional antibiotics.

In addition to anti-cancer and antitumorigenic activity, HSP90 inhibitors have also been implicated in a wide variety of other utilities, including use as anti-inflammation agents, anti-infectious disease agents, agents for treating autoimmunity, agents for treating stroke, ischemia, multiple sclerosis, cardiac disorders, central nervous system related disorders and agents useful in promoting nerve regeneration (See, e.g., Rosen et al. WO 02/09696 (PCT/US01/23640); Degranco et al. WO 99/51223 (PCT/US99/07242); Gold, U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,974 B1; DeFranco et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,875. Overlapping somewhat with the above, there are reports in the literature that fibrogenic disorders including but not limited to scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis, and pulmonary fibrosis also may be treatable with HSP90 inhibitors. Strehlow, WO 02/02123 (PCT/US01/20578). Still further HSP90 modulation, modulators and uses thereof are reported in Application Nos. PCT/US03/04283, PCT/US02/35938, PCT/US02/16287, PCT/US02/06518, PCT/US98/09805, PCT/US00/09512, PCT/US01/09512, PCT/US01/23640, PCT/US01/46303, PCT/US01/46304, PCT/US02/06518, PCT/US02/29715, PCT/US02/35069, PCT/US02/35938, PCT/US02/39993, 60/293,246, 60/371,668, 60/335,391, 60/128,593, 60/337,919, 60/340,762, 60/359,484 and 60/331,893.

Recently, purine derivatives, including pyrrolopyrimidines showing HSP90 inhibitory activity have been reported, e.g., in PCT/US02/35069; PCT/US02/36075. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/945,851 and PCT/US04/31248. However, a need remains for additional novel and potent pyrrolopyrimidine HSP90 inhibitors that meet the demanding biological and pharmaceutical criteria required to proceed towards human clinical trials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed towards alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and related compounds that show broad utility, e.g., by inhibiting HSP90 and treating diseases that are HSP90-dependent. These compounds differ from a parent pyrrolopyrimidine which was disclosed in prior patent applications in that they are substituted with an alkyne, e.g., acetylene, on the ring carbon at the fifth position (C-5 position) and they exhibit improved HSP90 inhibitory activity over the parent compounds.

In one aspect, the invention comprises alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds of Formula I:

wherein:

R⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, —CN, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, and —NHR⁸;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, —OR¹¹, —SR¹¹ and lower alkyl;

R² is —NHR¹;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —CN, —C(O)OH, —OR¹¹, —SR¹¹, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁸R¹⁰, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower alkylsilyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl, all optionally substituted, wherein:

-   -   the aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl groups are         mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic;     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;     -   the optional substituents on R³ are selected from the group         consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, —CN,         —C(O)OH, —NO₂, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁸R⁸, lower aryl,         heteroaryl, alicyclyl, lower heterocyclyl, arylalkyl,         heteroarylalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,         arylalkylamino, diarylamino, heteroarylamino, diheteroarylamino,         arylheteroarylamino, oxo, perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkoxy,         perhaloacyl, guanidinyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl,         indolyl, indazolyl, phosphonyl, phosphatidyl, phosphoramidyl,         sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulphonamidyl, carbamyl, uryl,         thiouryl and thioamidyl, wherein         -   R⁸ and R⁸ taken together with the N atom to which they are             attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring             comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N             atom, 0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from             the group consisting of O, S and N;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted lower alkylene, —C(R¹²)₂—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —S(O)— and —SO₂—;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl, wherein:

-   -   the aryl group is substituted with 2 to 5 substituents;     -   the heteroaryl group is substituted with 2 to 5 substituents;     -   the alicyclyl group is substituted with 3 to 5 substituents;     -   the heterocyclyl group is substituted with 3 to 5 substituents;     -   the substituents on R⁵ are selected from the group consisting of         halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, —CN,         —C(O)OH, —NO₂, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁸R¹⁰, lower aryl, lower         heteroaryl, lower alicyclyl, lower heterocyclyl, arylalkyl,         heteroarylalkyl, thioalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,         arylalkylamino, oxo, perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkoxy, perhaloacyl,         guanidinyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, indolyl, indazolyl,         phosphonyl, phosphatidyl, phosphoramidyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl,         sulfonyl, sulphonamidyl, carbamyl, uryl, thiouryl and         thioamidyl, wherein     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;

R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heteroalkenyl, lower heteroalkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl and —C(O)R⁹;

R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl, —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ and —OR¹¹, wherein

-   -   R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;

R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heteroalkenyl, lower heteroalkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl and —C(O)R¹¹;

R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl and lower heteroaryl; and

R¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

Also included in the scope of the present invention are stereoisomic forms, including the individual enantiomers and diastereomers, racemic mixtures, and diasteromeric mixtures, and combinations thereof, where appropriate, as well as polymorphs, specific racemates and stereoisomers, solvates, esters, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs of these compounds.

In another aspect, the invention features pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention, in particular, the compounds of Formula I, or a polymorph, solvate, ester, tautomer, diastereoisomer, enantiomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutical excipients, for use in treatment or prevention of diseases and conditions that are HSP90-dependent.

In yet another aspect, the invention is related to methods of preventing or treating HSP90-mediated disorders or conditions by administering a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a polymorph, solvate, ester, tautomer, diastereomer, enantiomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating an individual having a disorder selected from the group of inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune disorders, stroke, ischemia, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, fibrogenic disorders, proliferative disorders, tumors, leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome, neoplasms, cancers, carcinomas, metabolic diseases, and malignant diseases.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating an individual having a fibrogenic disorder, such as, for example, scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis or pulmonary fibrosis.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a combination therapy comprising the administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a solvate, tautomer, diastereomer, enantiomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph, or prodrug thereof according to any of the preceding aspects or embodiments, and at least one therapeutic agent selected from the group of cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents and anti-neoplastic agents. The anti-neoplastic agent may be selected from the group of alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins, antineoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors.

In a further aspect, the invention is related to the use of the compounds of Formula I in the manufacture of a medicament.

In yet a further aspect, the invention is related to the use of the compounds of Formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the therapeutical and/or prophylactic treatment of HSP90-dependent diseases and conditions.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 represents a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days), for animals administered compounds of the present invention (and controls) in a mouse N87 Gastric Carcinoma Xenograft model, as described in example 70.

FIG. 2 represents a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days), for animals administered compounds of the present invention (and controls) in a mouse NC1295 Adrenocortical Carcinoma Xenograft model, as described in example 71.

FIG. 3 represents a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days), for animals administered compounds of the present invention (and controls) in a mouse SK-MEL-28 Melanoma Xenograft model, as described in example 72.

FIG. 4 represents a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days), for animals administered compounds of the present invention (and controls) in a mouse a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days), for animals administered compounds of the present invention (and controls) in a mouse HT29 Colon Carcinoma Xenograft model, as described in example 73.

FIG. 5 represents Western Blot protein analysis of N87 gastric carcinoma cells after treatment with compounds 2 and 23 at varying concentrations and timepoints, as described in example 74.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

DEFINITIONS

A “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or prodrug” means any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, salt of an ester or other derivative of a compound of this invention, which, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically active metabolite or residue thereof. Particularly favored derivatives or prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a patient (e.g., by allowing orally administered compound to be more readily absorbed into blood) or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment (e.g., the brain or lymphatic system).

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” may be prepared for any compound of the invention having functionality capable of forming a salt, for example, an acid or base functionality. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be derived from organic or inorganic acids and bases. Compounds of the invention that contain one or more basic functional groups, (e.g., amino, alkylamino), are capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable organic and inorganic acids. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention, or by separately reacting a purified compound of the invention in its free base form with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, and isolating the salt thus formed. Examples of suitable acid salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate and undecanoate. Other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. See, e.g., Berge et al. “Pharmaceutical Salts”, J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66:1-19. Compounds of the present invention that contain one or more acidic functional groups are capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” in these instances refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic base addition salts of compounds of the present invention. These salts can likewise be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds, or by separately reacting the purified compound in its free acid form with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Representative pharmaceutically acceptable cations include alkali or alkaline earth salts such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of some of the bases that can be used include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N⁺(C₁₋₄ alkyl)₄, and the like. Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization. See, for example, Berge et al., supra.

It should be understood that a reference to a salt includes the solvent addition forms or crystal forms thereof, particularly solvates or polymorphs. Solvates contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of a solvent, and are often formed during the process of crystallization with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. Hydrates are formed when the solvent is water, or alcoholates are formed when the solvent is alcohol. Polymorphs include the different crystal packing arrangements of the same elemental composition of a compound. Polymorphs usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Various factors such as the recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, and storage temperature may cause a single crystal form to dominate.

Pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, esters, carbonates, thiocarbonates, N-acyl derivatives, N-acyloxyalkyl derivatives, quaternary derivatives of tertiary amines, N-Mannich bases, Schiff bases, aminoacid conjugates, phosphate esters, metal salts and sulfonate esters.

Suitable positions for derivatization of the compounds of the invention to create “prodrugs” include but are not limited, to, 2-amino substitution. Those of ordinary skill in the art have the knowledge and means to accomplish this without undue experimentation. Various forms of prodrugs are well known in the art. See for example Design of Prodrugs, Bundgaard, A. Ed., Elseview, 1985 and Method in Enzymology, Widder, K. et al., Ed.; Academic, 1985, vol. 42, p. 309-396; Bundgaard, H. “Design and Application of Prodrugs” in A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, Krosgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Ed., 1991, Chapter 5, p. 113-191; and Bundgaard, H., Advanced Drug Delivery Review, 1992, 8, 1-38, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The term “prodrugs” as employed herein includes, but is not limited to, the following groups and combinations of these groups, for example bis carbomates, or a carbomate and an acyloxyalkyl ester or a carbomate and an amide, etc.

Amine prodrugs;

Hydroxy prodrugs include, but are not limited to acyloxyalkyl esters, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl esters, alkyl esters, aryl esters and disulfide containing esters.

The term “alkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain, or optionally substituted branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon monoradical having from one to about thirty carbons, more preferably one to twelve carbons. Examples of alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to cyclic alkyl monoradicals which include monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and higher multicyclic alkyl radicals wherein each cyclic moiety has from three to about eight carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.

The term “lower alkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl containing fewer carbon atoms, e.g., one containing from one to about six carbon atoms.

The term “alkenyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain, or optionally substituted branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about thirty carbon atoms, more preferably two to about eighteen carbons. Examples of alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl and the like.

The term “cycloalkenyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to to cyclic alkenyl radicals which include monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and higher multicyclic alkenyl radicals wherein each cyclic moiety has from three to about eight carbon atoms.

The term “lower alkenyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkenyl having from two to about six carbons.

The term “alkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted straight-chain or optionally substituted branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about thirty carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about twelve carbon atoms, or from two to about six carbon atoms, as well as those having from two to about four carbon atoms. Examples, of alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1,3-butadiynyl and the like.

The term “cycloalkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to cyclic alkynyl radicals that include monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and higher multicyclic alkynyl radicals wherein each cyclic moiety has from three to about eight carbon atoms.

The term “lower alkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkynyl having from two to about six carbons.

The terms “heteroalkyl”, “heteroalkenyl” and “heteroalklynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to include optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl structures, as described above, and which have one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous or combinations thereof.

The terms “lower heteroalkyl”, “lower heteroalkenyl” and “lower heteroalkynyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to, respectively, a heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl and heteroalkynyl having from two to about six carbons.

The term “alkylene” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a divalent hydrocarbyl group; because it is divalent, it can link two other groups together. Typically it refers to —(CH₂)_(n)— where n is 1-8 and preferably n is 14, though where specified, an alkylene can also be substituted by other groups, and can be of other lengths, and the open valences need not be at opposite ends of a chain. Thus —CH(Me)- and —C(Me)₂- may also be referred to as alkylenes, as can a cyclic group such as cyclopropan-1,1-diyl. Where an alkylene group is substituted, the substituents include those typically present on alkyl groups as described herein.

The term “lower alkylene” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkylene group containing fewer carbon atoms, e.g., one containing from one to about six carbon atoms.

The term “carbon chain” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to any alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroalkynyl group, which is linear, cyclic, or any combination thereof. If the chain is part of a linker and that linker comprises one or more rings as part of the core backbone, for purposes of calculating chain length, the “chain” only includes those carbon atoms that compose the bottom or top of a given ring and not both, and where the top and bottom of the ring(s) are not equivalent in length, the shorter distance shall be used in determining the chain length. If the chain contains heteroatoms as part of the backbone, those atoms are not calculated as part of the carbon chain length.

The term “membered ring” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to any cyclic structure, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, monocyclic, polycyclic, and fused rings. The term “membered” is meant to denote the number of skeletal (or ring) atoms that constitute the ring system. Thus, for example, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, succinimide, maleimide, tetrahydrofuran and thiophene are five-membered rings; pyridine, pyran, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine and pyrimidine are six-membered rings; and phthalimide, indole and indane are nine membered fused rings.

The term “aryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon monoradical of six to about twenty ring atoms, and includes mono-aromatic rings and fused aromatic rings. A fused aromatic ring radical contains from two to four fused rings where the ring of attachment is an aromatic ring, and the other individual rings within the fused ring may be aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic. Further, the term aryl includes mono-aromatic rings and fused aromatic rings containing from six to about twelve carbon atoms, as well as those containing from six to about ten carbon atoms. Examples of aryl groups include, without limitation, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, chrysenyl, and benzopyrenyl ring systems.

The term “lower aryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl having six to about ten skeletal ring carbons, e.g., phenyl and naphthyl ring systems.

The term “heteroaryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to optionally substituted aromatic radicals containing from about five to about twenty skeletal ring atoms and where one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom such as, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or phosphorus. The term heteroaryl includes optionally substituted mono-heteroaryl radicals and fused heteroaryl radicals having at least one heteroatom (e.g., quinoline, benzothiazole). A fused heteroaryl radical may contain from two to four fused rings where the ring of attachment is a heteroaromatic ring, the other individual rings within the fused ring system may be aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic. The term heteroaryl also includes mono-heteroaryls or fused heteroaryls having from five to about twelve skeletal ring atoms, as well as those having from five to about ten skeletal ring atoms. Examples of heteroaryls include, without limitation, furanyl, benzofuranyl, chromenyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzothiozolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, purinyl, indolizinyl, thienyl and the like and their oxides.

The term “lower heteroaryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl having five to about ten skeletal ring atoms, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, or furanyl.

The terms “alicyclic” and “alicyclyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated nonaromatic hydrocarbon ring system containing from three to about twenty ring atoms. The term alicyclic includes mono-alicyclic and fused alicyclic radicals. A fused alicyclic may contain from two to four fused rings where the ring of attachment is an alicyclic ring, and the other individual rings within the fused-alicyclic radical may be aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic and heterocyclic. The term alicyclic also includes mono-alicyclic and fused alicyclic radicals containing from three to about twelve carbon atoms, as well as those containing from three to about ten carbon atoms. Examples of alicyclics include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclodecyl, cyclododecyl, cyclopentadienyl, indanyl, and cyclooctatetraenyl ring systems.

The terms “lower alicyclic” and “lower alicyclyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an alicyclic having three to about ten skeletal ring carbons, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, decalinyl, and cyclohexyl.

The terms “heterocyclic” and “heterocyclyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated nonaromatic ring radicals containing from five to about twenty ring atoms where one or more of the ring atoms are heteroatoms such as, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The term heterocyclic includes mono-heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic ring radicals. A fused heterocyclic radical may contain from two to four fused rings where the attaching ring is a heterocyclic, and the other individual rings within the fused heterocyclic radical may be aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic. The term heterocyclic also includes mono-heterocyclic and fused alicyclic radicals having from five to about twelve skeletal ring atoms, as well as those having from five to about ten skeletal ring atoms. Example of heterocyclics include without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, benzodiazepinyl, tetrahydroindazolyl, dihyroquinolinyl, and the like.

The terms “lower heterocyclic” and “lower heterocyclyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to a heterocyclic ring system having five to about ten skeletal ring atoms, e.g., dihydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, and the like.

The term “alkylaryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl radical as defined above in which at least one H atom is replaced by an alkyl radical as defined above, such as, for example, tolyl, xylyl and the like.

The terms “arylalkyl” and “araalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one H atom is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl and the like.

The term “heteroarylalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one H atom is replaced by a heteroaryl radical as defined above, each of which may be optionally substituted.

The term “alkoxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl ether radical, alkyl-O—, wherein the term alkyl is defined as above. Examples of alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.

The term “lower alkoxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkoxy group having one to about six carbon atoms.

The term “aryloxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl ether radical wherein the term aryl is defined as above. Examples of aryloxy radicals include phenoxy, thienyloxy and the like.

The terms “alkylthio” and “thioalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an alkyl thio radical, alkyl-S—, wherein the term alkyl is as defined above.

The term “arylthio” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl thio radical, aryl-S—, wherein the term aryl is as defined above.

The term “heteroarylthio” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group heteroaryl-S—, wherein the term heteroaryl is as defined above.

The term “acyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a radical —C(O)R where R includes alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl or heteroaryl alkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

The term “acyloxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the ester group —OC(O)R, where R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl may be optionally substituted.

The term “carboxy esters” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —C(O)OR where R is alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. The term “BOC” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —C(O)Otbutyl. The term “carboxarido” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to

where each of R and R′ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, or arylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

The terms “thioamide” and “thioamidyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to

where each of R and R′ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, or arylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

The term “oxo” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to ═O.

The term “halogen” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to F, Cl, Br and I.

The terms “haloalkyl”, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl” and “haloalkoxy” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and alkoxy structures, as described above, that are substituted with one or more fluorines, chlorines, bromrines or jodines, or with combinations thereof.

The terms “perhaloalkyl”, “perhaloalkyloxy” and “perhaloacyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to alkyl, alkyloxy and acyl radicals as described above, in which all the H atoms are replaced by fluorines, chlorines, bromines or iodines, or combinations thereof.

The terms “lower perhaloalkyl”, “lower perhaloalkyloxy” and “lower perhaloacyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkyloxy and perhaloacyl radicals as described above, having from two to about six carbons.

The terms cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, and heteroalkyl include optionally substituted cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl and heteroalkyl groups.

The term “alkylsilyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —NRR′R″ where R, R′ and R″ are alkyls.

The term “lower alkylsilyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —NRR′R″ where R, R′ and R″ are lower alkyls.

The term “amino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —NH₂.

The term “alkylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NHR where R is alkyl.

The term “aminoalkyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group -alkylene-NH₂, wherein alkylene is as defined herein.

The term “dialkylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NRR′ where R and R′ are alkyls.

The term “arylalkylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NRR′ where R is alkyl, and R′ is aryl.

The term “diarylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NRR′ where R and R′ are aryls.

The term “heteroarylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NHR where R is heteroaryl.

The term “diheteroarylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NRR′ where R and R′ are heteroaryls.

The term “arylheteroarylamino” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the group —NRR′ where R is aryl, and R′ is heteroaryl.

The term “carbamyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the —NHC(O)OR and —OC(O)NHR groups, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arlalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. Non-limiting examples of sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl (—SCH₃) and iso-propylsulfanyl (—SCH(CH₃)₂) and the like.

The term “uryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the —NHC(O)NHR group, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. Non-limiting examples of sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl (—SCH₃) and iso-propylsulfanyl (—SCH(CH₃)₂) and the like.

The term “thiouryl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the —NHC(S)NHR group, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. Non-limiting examples of sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl (—SCH₃) and iso-propylsulfanyl (—SCH(CH₃)₂) and the like.

The term “guanidinyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the —NHC(NH)NHR group, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted.

Non-limiting examples of sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl (—SCH₃) and iso-propylsulfanyl (—SCH(CH₃)₂) and the like.

The terms “sulfide” and “thioether” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to a sulfur atom covalently linked to two atoms; the formal oxidation state of said sulfur is (II). These terms may be used interchangeably.

The term “sulfanyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the —S—R group, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. Non-limiting examples of sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl (—SCH₃) and iso-propylsulfanyl (—SCH(CH₃)₂) and the like.

The term “sulfoxide” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a sulfur atom covalently linked to three atoms, at least one of which is an oxygen atom; the formal oxidation state of said sulfur atom is (IV).

The term “sulfinyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the groups —S(O)—R, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. A non-limiting example of a sulfinyl group includes methylsulfinyl (—S(O)CH₃) and the like. The term “sulfone” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a sulfur atom covalently linked to four atoms, at least two of which are oxygen atoms; the formal oxidation state of said sulfur atom is (VI).

The term “sulfonyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the groups —S(O₂)—R, wherein R may be, but is not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl groups may be optionally substituted. A non-limiting example of a sulfonyl group includes methylsulfonyl (—S(O₂)CH₃) and the like. The term “phosphite” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a phosphorus atom covalently linked to three carbon atoms, wherein the formal oxidation state of said phosphorus is (III).

The term “phosphinyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the monoradical derived from a phosphite group, as defined above.

The term “phosphonate” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a phosphorus atom covalently linked to four atoms, three of which are oxygen and one of which is carbon wherein the formal oxidation state of said phosphorus is (V).

The term “phosphonyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the monoradical derived from a phosphonate group, as defined above.

The term “phosphate” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a phosphorus atom covalently linked to four oxygen atoms, wherein the formal oxidation state of said phosphorus is (V).

The term “phosphatidyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the monoradical derived from a phosphate group, as defined above.

The term “phosphoramide” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a phosphorus atom covalently linked to four atoms, three of which are nitrogen and one of which is oxygen wherein the formal oxidation state of said phosphorus is (V).

The term “phosphoramidyl” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to the monoradical derived from a phosphoramide group, as defined above.

The terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “aryl optionally mono- or di-substituted with an alkyl” means that the alkyl may but need not be present, or either one alkyl or two may be present, and the description includes situations where the aryl is substituted with one or two alkyls and situations where the aryl is not substituted with an alkyl.

“Optionally substituted” groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. The substituents of an “optionally substituted” group may include, without limitation, one or more substituents independently selected from the following groups or designated subsets thereof: lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, lower alkoxy, lower aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, diarylalkylamino, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, oxo, oxa, acyl (—C(O)R), (—C(O)), carboxyesters (—C(O)OR), carboxamido (—C(O)NH₂), carboxy, acyloxy, —H, halo, —CN, —NO₂, —N₃, —SH, —OH, —(O)CH₃, perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkoxy, perhaloacyl, guanidine, pyridinyl, thiophene, furanyl, indole, indazole, esters, amides, phosphonates, phosphonic acid, phosphates, phosphoramides, sulfonates, sulfones, sulfates, sulphonamides, carbamates, ureas, thioureas, thioamides and thioalkyls. An optionally substituted group may be unsubstituted (e.g., —CH₂CH₃), fully substituted (e.g., —CF₂CF₃), monosubstituted (e.g., —CH₂CH₂F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and monosubstituted (e.g., —CH₂CF₃).

The term “pyridine-1-oxy” also means “pyridine-N-oxy”.

The term “heteroaryl group is substituted with 2 to 5 substituents” encompasses 1-oxy-pyridyl or N-oxy-pyridyl having 1 to 4 substituents, i.e. the oxygen atom of the pyridine-N-oxide should be counted as a substituent.

Some of the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more chiral centers and therefore may exist in enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms. The scope of the present invention is intended to cover all isomers per se, as well as mixtures of cis and trans isomers, mixtures of diastereomers and racemic mixtures of enantiomers (optical isomers) as well. Further, it is possible using well known techniques to separate the various forms, and some embodiments of the invention may feature purified or enriched species of a given enantiomer or diastereomer.

Some of the compounds of the present invention may exist in tautomeric forms. The scope of the present invention is intended to cover all tautomers. As a non-limiting example, compounds of formula (I), wherein R⁰ is —SR⁸ or —OR⁸, and R⁸ is hydrogen, could exist as either of the tautomers below:

A “pharmacological composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the compounds described herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, with other chemical components, such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients. The purpose of a pharmacological composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used herein means a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent or encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject agent from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; (15) alginic acid; (16) pyrogen-free water; (17) isotonic saline; (18) Ringer's solution; (19) ethyl alcohol; (20) phosphate buffer solutions; and (21) other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations. A physiologically acceptable carrier should not cause significant irritation to an organism and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the administered compound.

An “excipient” refers to an inert substance added to a pharmacological composition to further facilitate administration of a compound. Examples of excipients include but are not limited to calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols.

A “pharmaceutically effective amount” means an amount which is capable of providing a therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect. The specific dose of compound administered according to this invention to obtain therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect will, of course, be determined by the particular circumstances surrounding the case, including, for example, the specific compound administered, the route of administration, the condition being treated, and the individual being treated. A typical daily dose (administered in single or divided doses) will contain a dosage level of from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50-100 mg/kg of body weight of an active compound of the invention. Preferred daily doses generally will be from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg and ideally from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg. Factors such as clearance rate, half-life and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) have yet to be determined but one of ordinary skill in the art can determine these using standard procedures.

In some method embodiments, the preferred therapeutic effect is the inhibition, to some extent, of the growth of cells characteristic of a proliferative disorder, e.g., breast cancer. A therapeutic effect will also normally, but need not, relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms other than cell growth or size of cell mass. A therapeutic effect may include, for example, one or more of 1) a reduction in the number of cells; 2) a reduction in cell size; 3) inhibition (i.e., slowing to some extent, preferably stopping) of cell infiltration into peripheral organs, e.g., in the instance of cancer metastasis; 3) inhibition (i.e., slowing to some extent, preferably stopping) of tumor metastasis; 4) inhibition, to some extent, of cell growth; and/or 5) relieving to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the disorder. As used herein, the term IC₅₀ refers to an amount, concentration or dosage of a particular test compound that achieves a 50% inhibition of a maximal response in an assay that measures such response. In some method embodiments of the invention, the “IC₅₀” value of a compound of the invention can be greater for normal cells than for cells exhibiting a proliferative disorder, e.g., breast cancer cells. The value depends on the assay used.

By a “standard” is meant a positive or negative control. A negative control in the context of Her2 expression levels is, e.g., a sample possessing an amount of Her2 protein that correlates with a normal cell. A negative control may also include a sample that contains no Her2 protein. By contrast, a positive control does contain Her2 protein, preferably of an amount that correlates with overexpression as found in proliferative disorders, e.g., breast cancers. The controls may be from cell or tissue samples, or else contain purified ligand (or absent ligand), immobilized or otherwise. In some embodiments, one or more of the controls may be in the form of a diagnostic “dipstick.”

By “selectively targeting” is meant affecting one type of cell to a greater extent than another, e.g., in the case of cells with high as opposed to relatively low or normal Her2 levels.

Compounds of the Invention

Compounds of the invention are related to alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines of Formula I

and their polymorphs, solvates, esters, tautomers, diastereomers, enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, which show utility for inhibiting HSP90 and treating and preventing diseases that are HSP90-dependent, wherein:

R⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, —CN, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, and —NHR⁸;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of halogen, —OR¹¹, —SR¹¹ and lower alkyl;

R² is —NHR⁸;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —CN, —C(O)OH, —OR¹¹, —SR¹¹, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁵R¹⁰, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower alkylsilyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl, all optionally substituted, wherein:

-   -   the aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl groups are         mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic;     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;     -   the optional substituents on R³ are selected from the group         consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, —CN,         —C(O)OH, —NO₂, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁸R⁸, lower aryl,         heteroaryl, alicyclyl, lower heterocyclyl, arylalkyl,         heteroarylalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,         arylalkylamino, diarylamino, heteroarylamino, diheteroarylamino,         arylheteroarylamino, oxo, perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkoxy,         perhaloacyl, guanidinyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl,         indolyl, indazolyl, phosphonyl, phosphatidyl, phosphoramidyl,         sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulphonamidyl, carbamyl, uryl,         thiouryl and thioamidyl, wherein     -   R⁸ and R⁸ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted lower alkylene, —C(R¹²)₂—, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —S(O)— and —SO₂—;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl, wherein:

-   -   the aryl group is substituted with 2 to 5 substituents;     -   the heteroaryl group is substituted with 2 to 5 substituents;     -   the alicyclyl group is substituted with 3 to 5 substituents;     -   the heterocyclyl group is substituted with 3 to 5 substituents;     -   the substituents on R⁵ are selected from the group consisting of         halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, —CN,         —C(O)OH, —NO₂, —SR⁸, —OR⁸, —C(O)R⁹, —NR⁸R¹⁰, lower aryl, lower         heteroaryl, lower alicyclyl, lower heterocyclyl, arylalkyl,         heteroarylalkyl, thioalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,         arylalkylamino, oxo, perhaloalkyl, perhaloalkoxy, perhaloacyl,         guanidinyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, indolyl, indazolyl,         phosphonyl, phosphatidyl, phosphoramidyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl,         sulfonyl, sulphonamidyl, carbamyl, uryl, thiouryl and         thioamidyl, wherein     -   R⁸ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are         attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring         comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom,         0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group         consisting of O, S and N;

R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heteroalkenyl, lower heteroalkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl and —C(O)R⁹;

R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of H, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl, —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ and —OR¹¹, wherein

R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are attached optionally form an optionally substituted ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom, 0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N;

R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heteroalkenyl, lower heteroalkynyl, lower aryl, lower heteroaryl and —C(O)R¹¹;

R¹¹ is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl and lower heteroaryl; and

R¹² is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

In some embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen, halogen or —CN. In other embodiments, R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, —SR⁸ or —OR⁸. In other embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen, —SR, —OR⁸ or —NHR⁸. In other embodiments, R⁰ is —SR⁸ or —OR⁸. In other embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen.

In some embodiments, R⁰ is halogen or lower alkyl. In other embodiments, R¹ is —OR¹¹ or —SR¹¹. In some embodiments, R¹ is halogen. In some embodiments, R¹ is chloro or bromo. In some embodiments, R¹ is chloro. In some embodiments, R¹ is bromo.

In some embodiments, R² is —NH₂ or —NHC(O)R⁹. In other embodiments, R² is —NH-lower alkyl, —NH-lower alkenyl, —NH-lower alkynyl, —NH-lower aryl or —NH-lower heteroaryl. In other embodiments, R² is —NHC(O)R⁹ where R⁹ is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aryl or lower heteroaryl. In other embodiments, R² is —NH₂. In other embodiments, R² is —NH(O)tBu.

In some embodiments, R³ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl, heterocyclyl, —CN or —C(O)R⁹, all optionally substituted. In other embodiments, R³ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl, heterocyclyl or —C(O)R⁹, all optionally substituted. In other embodiments, R³ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or —C(O)R⁹, all optionally substituted. In other embodiments, R³ is substituted lower alkyl wherein the substituent on the lower alkyl is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, —OR⁸, —C(O)R⁹ and —NR⁸R⁸. In other embodiments, R³ is lower alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —CN or —C(O)R⁹, all optionally substituted. In other embodiments, R³ is hydrogen. In other embodiments, R³ is optionally substituted lower alkyl. In other embodiments, R³ is optionally substituted phenyl or pyridinyl. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)OH, where n=1-3. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(m)C(R¹²)₂(CH₂)_(n)OH, where m=0-2 and n=1-2. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)NR⁸R⁸, wherein n=1-3, and each R⁸ is independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, or —NR⁸R⁸ are taken together forming an optionally substituted phthalimide or morpholin. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)C(O)NR¹⁰R¹⁰, wherein n=1-3, and each R¹⁰ is independently hydrogen or —C(O)R¹¹, or —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ are taken together forming an optionally substituted piperazine. In other embodiments, R³ is optionally substituted lower alkylsilyl. In other embodiments, R³ is —CO₂Et. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)C(O)NR¹⁰R¹⁰ where n=1-3, and each R¹⁰ is independently hydrogen, or —C(O)R¹¹. In other embodiments, R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)C(O)NHC(O)OtBu.

In some embodiments, R⁴ is optionally substituted lower alkylene, —C(O)—, —S(O)— or —SO₂—. In other embodiments, R⁴ is —CH₂—, —S(O)— or —SO₂. In other embodiments, R⁴ is —CH₂—. In other embodiments, R⁴ is —CH₂—.

In some embodiments, the aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl or heterocyclyl group of R⁵ is monocyclic or bicyclic. In other embodiments, R⁵ is substituted aryl or heteroaryl and the substituents on said aryl or heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, thioalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino. In other embodiments, R⁵ is substituted aryl or heteroaryl and the substituents on the aryl or heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkoxy and lower alkyl.

In some embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen, halogen, —SH, —OH, or —CN; R¹ is halogen; and R² is —NH₂ or —NH—C(O)R.

In some embodiments, R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂ or —NH—C(O)R⁹; and R³ is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower aryl, or lower heteroaryl, all optionally substituted with —OR⁸, —NR⁸R⁸ or —C(O)R⁹.

In some embodiments, Ro is hydrogen, halogen or —CN; R² is —NH₂ or —NH—C(O)R⁹, and R⁴ is —CH₂—.

In other embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen, halogen, —SH, —OH or —CN; R¹ is halogen; R² is —NH₂; R³ is hydrogen, —OR¹¹, —SR¹¹, —NR⁸R⁸, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower aryl, or lower heteroaryl, wherein the R⁸ in R³ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower aryl, or —C(O)R⁹; R⁴ is —CH₂—; and R⁵ is aryl or heteroaryl, substituted with 2 to 5 substituents.

In some embodiments, R⁰ is selected from hydrogen, halogen and —CN; R¹ is halogen; R² is NHR⁸; R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclyl and heterocyclyl, all optionally substituted;

R⁴ is —CHR¹²—; and R⁵ optionally substituted is aryl or heteroaryl.

In other embodiments, R⁰ is selected from hydrogen, halogen and —CN; R¹ is halogen; R² is —NH₂; R³ is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, all optionally substituted with —OR⁸, —NR⁸R⁸ or —C(O)R⁹. R⁴ is —CH₂; and R⁵ is aryl or heteroaryl.

In other embodiments, R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂; and R⁵ is a phenyl having at least three substituents.

In other embodiments, R¹ is chloro or bromo, R² is —NH₂; and R⁵ is a pyridyl having at least two substituents.

In other embodiments, R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂; and R⁵ is 1-oxy-pyridyl (N-oxy-pyridyl) having at least two substituents.

In other selected embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂ or —NHC(O)_(t)Bu; R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —CN, optionally substituted lower alkylsilyl, —CO₂Et, —(CH₂)_(m)C(CH₃)_(n)OH where m=0-2 and n=1-2, —(CH₂)_(n)OH where n=1-3, and —(CH₂)_(n)NR⁸R¹⁰ wherein n=1-3, R⁵ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or are taken together forming a piperazine, a phthalimide or a morpholine;

R⁴ is —CH₂—; R⁵ is substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and the substituents on the aryl or heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, thioalkyl, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino.

In some selected embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, —(CH₂)_(n)OH, where n=1-3, —(CH₂)_(n)C(CH₃)_(n)OH, where m=0-2 and n=1-2, —(CH₂)₂C(O)NH₂, —(CH₂)OC(O)CH₂N(CH₃)₂, —(CH₂)_(n)NHC(O)OtBu and —(CH₂)_(n)NR⁸R⁸, wherein n=1-3, R⁸ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or are taken together forming an optionally substituted phthalimide or morpholine; R⁴ is —CH₂—; R⁵ is substituted heteroaryl, and the substituents on said heteroaryl are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy and lower alkyl.

In some selected embodiments, R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro or bromo; R² is —NH₂;

R³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, —(CH₂)_(n)OH, where n=1-3, —(CH₂)_(m)C(CH₃)_(n)OH, where m=0-2 and n=1-2, —(CH₂)_(n)C(O)NR¹⁰R¹⁰ where n=1-3, and, R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or —C(O)R¹¹, or are taken together forming an optionally substituted piperazine; R⁴ is —CH₂—; R⁵ is substituted heteroaryl, and the substituents on said heteroaryl are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy and lower alkyl.

In some selected embodiments R³ is substituted lower alkyl, and in some further selected embodiments R³ is substituted lower alkyl, and the substituent on said lower alkyl is phosphonyl or phosphatidyl.

In other preferred embodiments, are the following compounds

It should be understood that any of the above described embodiments of the invention can be combined in anyway where practical; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the ways the various embodiments may be combined usefully within the spirit of the invention. A non-limiting list of compounds based on Formula I of the invention is exemplified in TABLE 1.

TABLE 1 Exemplary Compounds based on Formula I (I)

wherein R⁰ is H, and R⁴ is —CH₂—. No. Ex R¹ R² R³ R⁵ 1 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 2 Cl NH₂ H 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 3 Cl NH₂ H 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 4 Cl NH₂ H 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 5 Cl NH₂ H 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 6 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 7 Cl NH₂ H 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 8 Cl NH₂ H 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 9 Cl NH₂ H 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 10 Cl NH₂ H 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 11 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 12 Cl NH₂ H 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 13 Cl NH₂ H 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 14 Cl NH₂ H 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 15 Cl NH₂ H 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 16 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 17 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 18 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 19 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 20 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 21 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 22 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 23 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 24 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 25 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 26 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 27 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 28 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 29 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 30 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 31 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 32 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 33 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 34 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 35 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 36 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 37 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 38 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 39 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 40 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 41 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 42 Cl NH₂ Et 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 43 Cl NH₂ Et 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 44 Cl NH₂ Et 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 45 Cl NH₂ Et 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 46 Cl NH₂ Me 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 47 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 48 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 49 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 50 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 51 Cl NH₂ Me 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 52 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 53 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 54 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 55 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 56 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 57 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 58 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 59 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 60 Cl NH₂ Me 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 61 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 62 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 63 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 64 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 65 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 66 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 67 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 68 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 69 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 70 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 71 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 72 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 73 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 74 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 75 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 76 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 77 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 78 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 79 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 80 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 81 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 82 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 83 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 84 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 85 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 86 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 87 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 88 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 89 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 90 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 91 Cl NH₂ 4-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 92 Cl NH₂ 4-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 93 Cl NH₂ 4-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 94 Cl NH₂ 4-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 95 Cl NH₂ 4-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 96 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 97 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 98 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 99 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 100 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 101 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 102 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 103 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 104 Cl NH₂ Ph 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 105 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 106 Cl NH₂ Pr 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 107 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 108 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 109 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 110 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 111 Cl NH₂ Pr 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 112 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 113 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 114 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 115 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 116 Cl NH₂ Pr 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 117 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 118 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 119 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 120 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 121 Cl NH₂ Pr 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 122 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 123 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 124 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 125 Cl NH₂ Pr 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 126 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 127 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 128 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 129 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 130 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 131 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 132 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 133 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 134 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 135 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 136 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 137 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 138 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 139 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 140 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 141 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 142 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 143 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 144 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 145 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 146 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 147 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 148 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 149 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 150 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 151 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 152 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 153 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 154 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 155 Cl NH₂ i-Bu 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 156 Cl NH₂ CN 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 157 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 158 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 159 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 160 Cl NH₂ CN 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 161 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 162 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 163 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 164 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 165 Cl NH₂ CN 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 166 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 167 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 168 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 169 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 170 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 171 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 172 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 173 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 174 Cl NH₂ CN 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 175 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 176 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 177 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 178 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 179 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 180 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 181 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 182 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 183 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 184 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 185 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 186 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 187 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 188 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 189 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 190 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 191 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 192 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 193 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 194 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 195 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 196 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 197 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 198 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 199 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 200 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 201 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 202 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 203 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 204 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 205 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 206 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 207 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 208 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 209 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 210 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 211 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 212 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 213 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 214 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 215 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 216 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 217 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 218 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 219 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 220 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 221 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 222 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 223 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 224 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 225 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethylphenyl 226 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 227 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 228 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 229 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 230 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 231 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 232 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 233 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Iodo-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 234 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2-Fluoro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl 235 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 236 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 237 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 238 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2-Iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 239 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2-Fluoro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 240 2 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 241 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 242 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 6-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 243 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 6-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 244 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 245 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 246 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 247 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 248 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 249 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 250 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 251 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 252 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 253 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 254 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 255 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 256 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3-Bromo-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 257 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 258 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 259 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 260 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 261 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 262 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 263 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 264 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 265 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 266 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 267 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 268 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 269 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 270 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 271 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 272 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 273 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 274 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 275 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 276 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 277 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 278 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 279 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 280 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 281 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromo1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 282 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloro1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 283 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 284 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 285 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 286 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 287 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 6-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 288 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 6-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 289 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 290 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 291 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 292 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 293 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 294 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 295 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 296 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 297 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 298 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 299 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 300 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 301 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3-Bromo-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 302 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 303 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 304 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 305 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 306 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 307 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 308 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 309 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 310 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 311 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 312 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 313 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 314 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 315 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 316 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 317 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 318 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 319 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 320 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 321 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 322 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 323 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 324 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,3,6-Trimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 325 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 326 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromo1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 327 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloro1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 328 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 329 Cl NH₂ i-Pr 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 330 3 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 331 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 332 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 333 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 334 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 335 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 336 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 337 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 338 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 339 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 340 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 341 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 342 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 343 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 344 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 345 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 346 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 347 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 348 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 349 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 350 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 351 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 352 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 353 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 354 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 355 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 356 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 357 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 358 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 359 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 360 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 361 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 362 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 363 1 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 364 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 365 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 366 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 367 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 368 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 369 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 370 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 371 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 372 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 373 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 374 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 375 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 376 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 377 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 378 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 379 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 380 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 381 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 382 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 383 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 384 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 385 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 386 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 387 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 388 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 389 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 390 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 391 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 392 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 393 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 394 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 395 Cl NH₂ CH₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 396 6 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 397 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 398 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 399 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 400 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 401 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 402 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 403 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 404 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 405 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 406 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 407 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 408 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 409 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 410 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 411 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 412 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 413 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 414 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 415 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 416 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 417 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 418 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 419 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 420 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 421 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 422 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 423 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 424 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 425 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 426 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 427 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 428 Cl NH₂ 2-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 429 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 430 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 431 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 432 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 433 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 434 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 435 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 436 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 437 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 438 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 439 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 440 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 441 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 442 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 443 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 444 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 445 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 446 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 447 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 448 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 449 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 450 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 451 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 452 Cl NH₂ Ph 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 453 Cl NH₂ Ph 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 454 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 455 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 456 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 457 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 458 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 459 Cl NH₂ Ph 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 460 Cl NH₂ Ph 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 461 Cl NH₂ Ph 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 462 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 463 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 464 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 465 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 466 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 467 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 468 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 469 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 470 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 471 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 472 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 473 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 474 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 475 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 476 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 477 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 478 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 479 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 480 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 481 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 482 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 483 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 484 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 485 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 486 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 487 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 488 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 489 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 490 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 491 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 492 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 493 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 494 Cl NH₂ 3-Py 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 495 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 496 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 497 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 498 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 499 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 500 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 501 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 502 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 503 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 504 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 505 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 506 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 507 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 508 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 509 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 510 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 511 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 512 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 513 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 514 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 515 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 516 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 517 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 518 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 519 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 520 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 521 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 522 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 523 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 524 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 525 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 526 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 527 Cl NH₂ CH₂—NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 528 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 529 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 530 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 531 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 532 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 533 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 534 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 535 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 536 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 537 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 538 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 539 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 540 Cl NH₂ H 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 541 Cl NH₂ H 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 542 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 543 Cl NH₂ H 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 544 Cl NH₂ H 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 545 Cl NH₂ H 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 546 Cl NH₂ H 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 547 Cl NH₂ H 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 548 Cl NH₂ H 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 549 Cl NH₂ H 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 550 Cl NH₂ H 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 551 Cl NH₂ H 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 552 Cl NH₂ H 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 553 Cl NH₂ H 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 554 Cl NH₂ H 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 555 Cl NH₂ H 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 556 Cl NH₂ H 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 557 Cl NH₂ H 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 558 Cl NH₂ H 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 559 Cl NH₂ H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 560 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 561 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 562 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 563 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 564 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 565 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 566 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 567 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 568 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 569 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 570 Cl NH₂ Me 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 571 Cl NH₂ Me 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 572 Cl NH₂ Me 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 573 Cl NH₂ Me 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 574 Cl NH₂ Me 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 575 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 576 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 577 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 578 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 579 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 580 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 581 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 582 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 583 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 584 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 585 Cl NH₂ Et 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 586 Cl NH₂ Et 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 587 Cl NH₂ Et 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 588 Cl NH₂ Et 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 589 Cl NH₂ Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 590 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 591 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 592 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 593 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 594 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 595 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 596 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 597 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 598 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 599 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thioniethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 600 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 601 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 602 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 603 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 604 Cl NH₂ CO₂Et 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 605 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 606 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 607 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 608 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 609 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 610 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 611 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 612 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 613 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 614 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 615 Cl NH₂ CN 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 616 Cl NH₂ CN 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 617 Cl NH₂ CN 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 618 Cl NH₂ CN 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 619 Cl NH₂ CN 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 620 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 621 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 622 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 623 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 624 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 625 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 626 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 627 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 628 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 629 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 630 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 631 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 632 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 633 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 634 Cl NH₂ CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 635 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 636 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 637 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 638 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 639 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 640 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 641 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 642 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 643 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 644 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 645 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 646 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 647 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 648 Cl NH₂ CH₂CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 649 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 650 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 651 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 652 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 653 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 654 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 655 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 656 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 657 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 658 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 659 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 660 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 661 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 662 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH₂CMe₂OH 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 663 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 664 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-l-oxypyridin-2-yl 665 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 666 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 667 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 668 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 669 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 670 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 671 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2yl 672 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 673 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 674 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 675 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 676 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 677 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 678 18 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 679 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 680 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 681 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 682 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 683 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 684 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 685 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 686 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 687 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 688 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 689 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 690 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 691 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 692 19 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 693 Cl NH₂

Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 694 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 695 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 696 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 697 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 698 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 699 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 700 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 701 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 702 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 703 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 704 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 705 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 706 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 707 Cl NH₂

2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 708 Cl NH₂

2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 709 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl--4-methoxyphenyl 710 Cl NH₂

2-Chloro-3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl 711 Cl NH₂

2-Bromo-3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl 712 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 713 Cl NH₂

2-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 714 Cl NH₂

2-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 715 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl 716 Cl NH₂

2-Chloro-3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl 717 Cl NH₂

2-Bromo-3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl 718 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 719 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 720 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 721 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 722 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 723 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 724 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 725 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 726 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 727 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 728 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 729 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 730 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 731 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂C(O)NMe₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 732 11 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 733 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 734 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 735 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 736 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 737 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 738 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 739 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 740 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 741 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 742 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 743 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 744 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 745 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 746 12 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 747 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 748 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 749 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 750 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 751 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 752 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 753 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 754 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 755 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 6-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 756 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 6-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 757 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 758 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 759 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 760 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 761 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 762 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 763 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 764 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 765 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 766 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 767 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 768 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 769 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3-Bromo-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 770 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 771 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 772 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 773 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 774 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 775 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 776 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 777 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 778 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 779 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 780 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 781 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 782 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 783 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 784 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 785 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 786 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 787 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 788 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 789 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 790 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 791 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 792 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,3,6-Trimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 793 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 794 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromo1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 795 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloro1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 796 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 797 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHBOC 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 798 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 799 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 800 Cl NH₂

6-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 801 Cl NH₂

6-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 802 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 803 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 804 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 805 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 806 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 807 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 808 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 809 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 810 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 811 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 812 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 813 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 814 Cl NH₂

3-Bromo-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 815 Cl NH₂

3-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 816 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 817 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 818 Cl NH₂

3-Bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 819 Cl NH₂

3-Chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 820 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 821 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 822 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 823 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 824 Cl NH₂

4,7,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 825 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 826 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 827 Cl NH₂

5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 828 Cl NH₂

5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 829 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 830 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 831 Cl NH₂

2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 832 Cl NH₂

2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 833 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 834 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 835 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-4-yl 836 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-1-oxy-pyridin-4-yl 837 Cl NH₂

2,3,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-4-yl 838 Cl NH₂

2,3,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-4-yl 839 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromo1-oxypyridin-4-yl 840 Cl NH₂

2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloro1-oxypyridin-4-yl 841 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 842 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 843 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 844 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 845 Cl NH₂

6-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 846 Cl NH₂

6-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 847 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 848 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 849 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 850 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 851 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 852 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 853 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 854 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 855 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 856 Cl NH₂

3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 857 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 858 Cl NH₂

4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 859 Cl NH₂

3-Bromo-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 860 Cl NH₂

3-Chloro-4,5,6-trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 861 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 862 Cl NH₂

4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 863 Br NH₂ (CH₂)OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 864 Br NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 865 Br NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 866 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 867 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 868 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 869 Br NH₂ (CH₂)OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 870 Br NH₂ (CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 871 Br NH₂ (CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 872 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 873 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 874 Br NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 875 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 876 Cl NH₂

2-Chloro-4,5-dimethoxylphenyl 877 Cl NH₂

2-Nitro-4,5-dimethoxylphenyl 878 Cl NH₂

3,4-Dichlorophenyl 879 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethoxylphenyl 880 Cl NH₂

2,5-Dimethoxylphenyl 881 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethoxylphenyl 882 Cl NH₂

3-Methoxylphenyl 883 Cl NH₂

4-Methoxylphenyl 884 Cl

(CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 885 Cl

(CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 886 Cl

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 887 Cl

3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 888 Cl

(CH₂)OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 889 Cl

(CH₂)₂OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 890 Cl

(CH₂)₃OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 891 Cl

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 892 Cl

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 893 Cl

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 894 4 Cl NH₂ CH₂N(i-Bu)₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 895 5 Cl NH₂ CH₂N(i-Bu)₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 896 7 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₄OH 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 897 8 Cl NH₂ Si(CH₃)₃ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 898 9 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CO₂H 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 899 10 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂CON(Et)₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 900 13 Cl NH₂ CH₂NHCOOtBu 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 901 14 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 902 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 903 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-2-yl 904 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-bromo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 905 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-2-yl 906 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chloro-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 907 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodopyridin-2-yl 908 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodo-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 909 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-pyridin-2-yl 910 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-thiomethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 911 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 912 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,4,5-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 913 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,5,6-Trimethoxypyridin-2-yl 914 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,5,6-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 915 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-pyridin-2-yl 916 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 917 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,5,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-2-yl 918 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,5,6-Trimethyl-1-oxypyridin-2-yl 919 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl 920 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxypyridin-3-yl 921 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-methoxy-1-oxypyridin-3-yl 922 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-bromopyridin-3-yl 923 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-chloropyridin-3-yl 924 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 5,6-Dimethyl-4-bromopyridin-3-yl 925 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 5,6-Dimethyl-4-chloropyridin-3-yl 926 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-methoxypyridin-4-yl 927 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 928 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,3,6-Trimethyl-pyridin-4-yl 929 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-pyridin-4-yl 930 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-bromopyridin-4-yl 931 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,6-Dimethyl-3-chloropyridin-4-yl 932 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 4,6-Dimethyl-5-iodopyridin-3-yl 933 Cl NH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridin-2-yl 934 15 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃NHCOOtBu 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 935 16 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 936 17 Cl NH₂

3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 937 20 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂NHtBu 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 938 21 Cl NH₂ (CH₂)₂NHtBu 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 939 22 Cl NH₂ CH₂OCO CH₂NMe₂ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 940 Cl NH₂ CH₂CH(OH)CH₃ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl 941 Cl NH₂ CH₂C(O)CH₃ 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl wherein each abbreviation has its usual meaning, which would be known to one of skill in the chemical arts, i.e. Me = methyl; Et = ethyl; Pr = propyl; i-Pr = iso-propyl; Bu = butyl; i-Bu = iso-butyl; tBu = tert-butyl; Ph = phenyl; BOC = tert-butoxycarbonyl; 2-Py = 2-pyridyl; 3-Py = 3-pyridyl; 4-Py = 4-pyridyl.

Selected compounds in TABLE 1 are compounds 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 22, 23, 27, 28, 32, 33, 38, 42, 43, 47, 48, 52, 53, 57, 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 72, 73, 77, 78, 82, 83, 87, 88, 92, 93, 102, 103, 107, 108, 112, 113, 117, 118, 122, 123, 127, 128, 132, 133, 137, 138, 147, 148, 152, 153, 157, 158, 161, 162, 166, 167, 171, 172, 176, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187, 191, 192, 196, 197, 201, 202, 206, 207, 211, 212, 216, 217, 221, 222, 226, 227, 231, 232, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 246, 248, 265, 266, 285, 289, 291, 293, 310, 311, 330, 331, 332, 334, 349, 350, 363, 364, 365, 367, 369, 382, 383, 396, 397, 398, 400, 402, 415, 416, 429, 430, 431, 433, 435, 448, 449, 462, 463, 464, 466, 468, 481, 482, 495, 496, 497, 499, 501, 514, 515, 528, 529, 530, 532, 534, 547, 548, 560, 561, 652, 566, 587, 588, 590, 591, 592, 594, 596, 602, 603, 620, 621, 622, 624, 626, 632, 633, 635, 636, 637, 639, 641, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 667, 669, 675, 676, 678, 679, 680, 682, 684, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 696, 698, 704, 705, 707, 708, 710, 711, 713, 714, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 722, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 736, 738, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 750, 752, 753, 754, 757, 759, 761, 778, 779, 782, 783, 784, 798, 799, 802, 804, 806, 823, 824, 843, 844, 847, 849, 851, 861, 862, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 875, 894, 895, 896, 899, 900, 901, 903, 905, 907, 920, 921, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, and 941. Further selected compounds are 77, 78, 82, 83, 87, 88, 92, 93, 240, 241, 248, 265, 285, 293, 310, 330, 349, 382, 396, 415, 429, 448, 462, 481, 495, 514, 528, 560, 587, 602, 620, 632, 635, 661, 663, 675, 678, 690, 692, 704, 718, 730, 732, 744, 746, 753, 778, 798, 823, 863, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 875, 894, 895, 896, 899, 900, 901, 903, 905, 920, 934, 935, 936, 940, and 941.

Compounds of the invention exhibit improved HSP90 inhibiting activities over some pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds of Formula II:

wherein R^(3′) is not alkynyl, which were disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/945,851 and PCT Application US04/31248. The pyrrolopyrimidine compounds specified in the EXAMPLE sections of the above patent applications carry either no substituent or a substituted alkyl group. Compound 0, one of the embodiments of the compounds of Formula II, carries no substitutents on the C-5 position (ie R^(3′)═H) and it has an IC₅₀=98 nM as measured by a Her-2 degradation assay (described in EXAMPLE section below). A simple alkyl or a substituted alkyl at C-5 (ie R³=alkyl or substituted alkyl) can only bring two-fold additional activity. Conversely, if C-5 is alkyne substituted, the potency increases approximately 10-20 fold. (See, Series A: compounds A, B, C and D below).

For example, the alkynyl substituents at the C-5 position (see Series B: Cpds E, F, G and H), showed an potency range of 6-17 nM an improvement of at least tenfold over the parent Compound 0. Further, when two compounds having exactly the same structure, except for the presence of a triple vs. single bond, e.g. comparing Compound D to Compound E, Compound E which has a propargylic alcohol substituted on C-5 has an IC₅₀=17 nM, while Compound D which has a propanol substituent on C-5 has an IC₅₀=38 mM, a two-fold improvement. The difference in potency index between alkynes and non-alkynes measured by a secondary assay is also striking. The secondary assay measures the efficiency of killing tumor cells. For a given compound, the potency index is defined as:

Index=EC50(compound)/EC₅₀(control)

where the control is 17-AAG (17-allyl-17-desmethoxy-geldanamycin). EC₅₀ is defined as the amount of compound added to effect a 50% reduction in viable cell number. Selected compounds were tested on cells of MCF7 and BT474 breast tumor cell lines. The assay shows that Compound 0 is over 10 times less active than 17-AAG. The best non-alkyne substituted analogs are 6 to >50 times less potent than 17-AAG. In contrast, the alkyne substituted analogs can be more potent than 17-AAG (see Cpd. H)— a record in the field of HSP90 inhibitors, or nearly as active, with an index between 0.7-6. TABLE 2 summarized the result of the assay.

TABLE 2 Potency Index against Tumor Cells from MCF7 and BT474 Cell Lines Subsitutent MCF7 Index BT474 Index Compound @ C-5 (μM) (μM) 0 none 0.4 0.3 A non-alkyne 0.2 1.0 B non-alkyne 0.08 0.3 C non-alkyne 0.6 0.3 D non-alkyne 0.23 1.0 E alkyne 0.13 0.02 F alkyne 0.006 0.13 G alkyne 0.03 0.02 H alkyne 0.01 0.1

Synthesis of the Compounds of the Invention

The compounds of the present invention may be prepared from 5-halo-pyrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines according to Scheme A below. The preparation of the starting material, N-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)pivalamide, wherein PG is the pivaloyl protecting group and X═I, has been reported in Seela, F. Synthesis 2004, 8, 1203 and references therein.

Treatment of N-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)pivalaride with the appropriate alkylating agent in a polar solvent (e.g. DMF, DMSO, NMP), in the presence of a base (e.g. K₂CO₃, C₂CO₃, NaH, NaOH, t-BuOH) affords the N(7)-alkylated adduct. The alkylation is typically run at 20-60° C. for 0.5-24 h.

Cleavage of the NH₂ protecting group gives the 2-amino derivative If the protecting group is a pivaloyl group, it can be cleaved with ZnCl₂. The depivaloylation is typically run in EtOH, with 1-10 vol % of water, at 5085° C., for 2-24 h. Zinc (IB) chloride can be substituted with other Lewis acids, such as ZnI₂ or CuCl which, however, may not give yields as high. Sonogasira coupling of 4-chloro-7-alkyl-5-halo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with an alkyne of Formula HC≡C—R¹ gives the desired alkyne. Typical reaction conditions require Pd(PPh₃)₄/CuI as catalytic system, Et₃N as base, and DCM or DMF as solvent. The reactions are typically run at 20-50° C. for 0.5 to 24 h. However, a variety of alternative catalytic systems/base/conditions can be used (see Liang, B. et. al., J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 391 and references therein).

The R group can be further manipulated if necessary, as illustrated below:

For illustration purposes, the propargylic alcohol can be converted to the mesylate or bromide using methods well known in the art. The mesyl or bromide group can then be displaced by nucleophiles such as amines. Care must be taken to avoid the unwanted nucleophilic substitution of the 4-Cl atom.

The sequence of these steps can be performed in a different order than the one indicated on the Scheme, as for instance (i) alkylation, (ii), Sonogashira coupling, and (iii) deprotection.

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Medicaments, Dosaging and Modes of Administration The present invention is also directed to the use of alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds of Formula I and their related analogs, and their polymorphs, solvates, esters, tautomers, diastereomers, enantiomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof. In some embodiments, the compounds are used for the treatment or prevention of diseases that are HSP90-dependent. In some embodiments, the compounds are used in the manufacture of a medicament. In other embodiments, the compounds are used in the manufacture of a medicament for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of diseases and conditions that are HSP90-dependent. Examples of such diseases and conditions include disorders such as inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune disorders, stroke, ischemia, cardiac disorder, neurological disorders, fibrogenic disorders, proliferative disorders, tumors, leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, neoplasms, cancers, carcinomas, metabolic diseases, and malignant disease. The fibrogenic disorders include but are not limited to scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis and pulmonary fibrosis.

The present invention features pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising the compound of Formula I, or a polymorph, solvate, ester, tautomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or prodrug thereof, of any of the preceding aspects and embodiments and one or more pharmaceutical excipients. Those of ordinary skill in the art are familiar with formulation and administration techniques that can be employed with the compounds and methods of the invention, e.g., as discussed in Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (10th edition); Pergamon; and Remington's, Pharmaceutical Sciences (20th edition), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.

The compounds utilized in the methods of the instant invention may be administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. The compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration. For example, the therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be administered locally to the area in need of treatment. This may be achieved by, for example, but not limited to, local infusion during surgery, topical application, e.g., cream, ointment, injection, catheter, or implant, said implant made, e.g., out of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such as sialastic membranes, or fibers. The administration can also be by direct injection at the site (or former site) of a tumor or neoplastic or pre-neoplastic tissue. Still further, the compounds or compositions of the invention can be delivered in a vesicle, e.g., a liposome (see, for example, Langer, Science 1990, 249, 1527-1533; Treat et al., Liposomes in the Therapy of Infectious Disease and Cancer, Lopez-Bernstein and Fidler, Ed., Liss, N.Y., pp. 353-365, 1989).

The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions used in the methods of the present invention can also be delivered in a controlled release system. In one embodiment, a pump may be used (see, Sefton, 1987, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:201; Buchwald et al. Surgery, 1980 88, 507; Saudek et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 1989, 321, (574). Additionally, a controlled release system can be placed in proximity of the therapeutic target. (See, Goodson, Medical Applications of Controlled Release, 1984, Vol. 2, pp. 115-138).

The pharmaceutical compositions used in the methods of the instant invention can also contain the active ingredient in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as miicrocrystalline cellulose, sodium crosscarmellose, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be un-coated or coated by known techniques to mask the taste of the drug or delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a water soluble taste masking material such as hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose, or a time delay material such as ethyl cellulose, or cellulose acetate butyrate may be employed as appropriate.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water soluble carrier such as polyethyleneglycol or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisol or alpha-tocopherol.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.

The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions used in the methods of the instant invention may also be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin, or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soybean lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening agents, flavoring agents, preservatives and antioxidants.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative, flavoring and coloring agents and antioxidant.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous solution. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.

The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable oil-in-water microemulsion where the active ingredient is dissolved in the oily phase. For example, the active ingredient may be first dissolved in a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin. The oil solution may then be introduced into a water and glycerol mixture and processed to form a microemulsion.

The injectable solutions or microemulsions may be introduced into a patient's blood-stream by local bolus injection. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to administer the solution or microemulsion in such a way as to maintain a constant circulating concentration of the instant compound. In order to maintain such a constant concentration, a continuous intravenous delivery device may be utilized. An example of such a device is the Deltec CADD-PLUS™ model 5400 intravenous pump.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above, The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The compounds of the present invention used in the methods of the present invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the inhibitors with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, hydrogenated vegetable oils, mixtures of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights and fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol. For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing a compound or composition of the invention can be used. As used herein, topical application can include mouth washes and gargles.

The compounds used in the methods of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles and delivery devices, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.

The methods, compounds and compositions of the instant invention may also be used in conjunction with other well known therapeutic agents that are selected for their particular usefulness against the condition that is being treated. For example, the instant compounds may be useful in combination with known anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents. Further, the instant methods and compounds may also be useful in combination with other inhibitors of parts of the signaling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation.

The methods of the present invention may also be useful with other agents that inhibit angiogenesis and thereby inhibit the growth and invasiveness of tumor cells, including, but not limited to VEGF receptor inhibitors, including ribozymes and antisense targeted to VEGF receptors, angiostatin and endostatin. Examples of antineoplastic agents that can be used in combination with the compounds and methods of the present invention include, in general, and as appropriate, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins, an antineoplastic enzyme, a topoisomerase inhibitor, procarbazine, mitoxantrone, platinum coordination complexes, biological response modifiers and growth inhibitors, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents and haematopoietic growth factors. Exemplary classes of antineoplastic include the anthracyclines, vinca drugs, mitomycins, bleomycins, cytotoxic nucleosides, epothilones, discodermolide, pteridines, diynenes and podophyllotoxins. Particularly useful members of those classes include, for example, caminomycin, daunorubicin, aminopterin, methotrexate, methopterin, dichloromethotrexate, mitomycin C, porfiromycin, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, gemcitabine, cytosine arabinoside, podophyllotoxin or podo-phyllotoxin derivatives such as etoposide, etoposide phosphate or teniposide, melphalan, vinblastine, vincristine, leurosidine, vindesine, leurosine, paclitaxel and the like. Other useful antineoplastic agents include estramustine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, gemcitibine, ifosamide, melphalan, hexamethyl melamine, thiotepa, cytarabin, idatrexate, trimetrexate, dacarbazine, L-asparaginase, camptothecin, CPT-11, topotecan, ara-C, bicalutamide, flutamide, leuprolide, pyridobenzoindole derivatives, interferons and interleukins.

When a compound or composition of the invention is administered into a human subject, the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms. In one exemplary application, a suitable amount of compound is administered to a mammal undergoing treatment for cancer, for example, breast cancer. Administration typically occurs in an amount of between about 0.01 mg/kg of body weight to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day (administered in single or divided doses), more preferably at least about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight per day. A particular therapeutic dosage can include, e.g., from about 0.01 mg to about 1000 mg of compound, and preferably includes, e.g., from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg. The quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 mg to 1000 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to 300 mg, more preferably 10 mg to 200 mg, according to the particular application. The amount administered will vary depending on the particular IC₅₀ value of the compound used and the judgment of the attending clinician taking into consideration factors such as health, weight, and age. In combinational applications in which the compound is not the sole active ingredient, it may be possible to administer lesser amounts of compound and still have therapeutic or prophylactic effect.

Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose. The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small amounts until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day if desired. The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds and compositions of the present invention used in the methods of the present invention, and if applicable other chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation therapy, will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician (physician) considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the disease being treated.

The chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be administered according to therapeutic protocols well known in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy can be varied depending on the disease being treated and the known effects of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation therapy on that disease. Also, in accordance with the knowledge of the skilled clinician, the therapeutic protocols (e.g., dosage amounts and times of administration) can be varied in view of the observed effects of the administered therapeutic agents (i.e., antineoplastic agent or radiation) on the patient, and in view of the observed responses of the disease to the administered therapeutic agents.

Also, in general, the compounds of the invention need not be administered in the same pharmaceutical composition as a chemotherapeutic agent, and may, because of different physical and chemical characteristics, be administered by a different route. For example, the compounds/compositions may be administered orally to generate and maintain good blood levels thereof, while the chemotherapeutic agent may be administered intravenously. The determination of the mode of administration and the advisability of administration, where possible, in the same pharmaceutical composition, is well within the knowledge of the skilled clinician. The initial administration can be made according to established protocols known in the art, and then, based upon the observed effects, the dosage, modes of administration and times of administration can be modified by the skilled clinician.

The particular choice of compound (and where appropriate, chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation) will depend upon the diagnosis of the attending physicians and their judgment of the condition of the patient and the appropriate treatment protocol.

The compounds/compositions of the invention (and where appropriate chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation) may be administered concurrently (e.g., simultaneously, essentially simultaneously or within the same treatment protocol) or sequentially, depending upon the nature of the proliferative disease, the condition of the patient, and the actual choice of chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation to be administered in conjunction (i.e., within a single treatment protocol) with the compound/composition. In combinational applications and uses, the compound/composition and the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation need not be administered simultaneously or essentially simultaneously, and the initial order of administration of the compound/composition, and the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, may not be important. Thus, the compounds/compositions of the invention may be administered first followed by the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation; or the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation may be administered first followed by the administration of the compounds/compositions of the invention. This alternate administration may be repeated during a single treatment protocol. The determination of the order of administration, and the number of repetitions of administration of each therapeutic agent during a treatment protocol, is well within the knowledge of the skilled physician after evaluation of the disease being treated and the condition of the patient. For example, the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation may be administered first, especially if it is a cytotoxic agent, and then the treatment continued with the administration of the compounds/compositions of the invention followed, where determined advantageous, by the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or radiation, and so on until the treatment protocol is complete.

Thus, in accordance with experience and knowledge, the practicing physician can modify each protocol for the administration of a compound/composition for treatment according to the individual patient's needs, as the treatment proceeds. The attending clinician, in judging whether treatment is effective at the dosage administered, will consider the general well-being of the patient as well as more definite signs such as relief of disease-related symptoms, inhibition of tumor growth, actual shrinkage of the tumor, or inhibition of metastasis. Size of the tumor can be measured by standard methods such as radiological studies, e.g., CAT or MRI scan, and successive measurements can be used to judge whether or not growth of the tumor has been retarded or even reversed. Relief of disease-related symptoms such as pain, and improvement in overall condition can also be used to help judge effectiveness of treatment.

Assays for Determining HSP90 Binding and Downstream Effect

A variety of in vitro and in vivo assays are available to test the effect of the alkynyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds of the invention on HSP90. HSP90 competitive binding assays and functional assays can be performed as known in the art by substituting in the compounds of the invention. Chiosis et al. Chemistry & Biology 2001, (S, 289-299, describe some of the known ways in which this can be done. For example, competition binding assays using, e.g., geldanamycin or 17-AAG as a competitive binding inhibitor of HSP90 can be used to determine relative HSP90 affinity of the compounds of the invention by immobilizing the compound of interest or other competitive inhibitor on a gel or solid matrix, preincubating HSP90 with the other inhibitor, passing the preincubated mix over the gel or matrix, and then measuring the amount of HSP90 that retains or does not retain on the gel or matrix.

Downstream effects can also be evaluated based on the known effect of HSP90 inhibition on function and stability of various steroid receptors and signaling proteins including, e.g., Raf1 and Her2. Compounds of the present invention induce dose-dependent degradation of these molecules, which can be measured using standard techniques. Inhibition of HSP90 also results in up-regulation of HSP90 and related chaperone proteins that can similarly be measured. Antiproliferative activity on various cancer cell lines can also be measured, as can morphological and functional differentiation related to HSP90 inhibition.

Many different types of methods are known in the art for determining protein concentrations and measuring or predicting the level of proteins within cells and in fluid samples. Indirect techniques include nucleic acid hybridization and amplification using, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques are known to the person of skill and are discussed, e.g., in Sambrook, Fritsch & Maniatis Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989; Ausubel, et al. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1994, and, as specifically applied to the quantification, detection, and relative activity of HER2/Neu in patient samples, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,699,877, 4,918,162, 4,968,603, and 5,846,749. A brief discussion of two generic techniques that can be used follows.

The determination of whether cells overexpress or contain elevated levels of Her2 can be determined using well known antibody techniques such as immunoblotting, radioimmunoassays, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA), and derivative techniques that make use of antibodies directed against Her2. As an example, Her2 expression in breast cancer cells can be determined with the use of an immunohistochemical assay, such as the Dako Hercep™ test (Dako Corp., Carpinteria, Calif.). The Hercep™ test is an antibody staining assay designed to detect Her2 overexpression in tumor tissue specimens. This particular assay grades Her2 expression into four levels: 0, 1, 2, and 3, with level 3 representing the highest level of Her2 expression. Accurate quantitation can be enhanced by employing an Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS) as described, e.g., by Press, M. et al. Modern Pathology 2000, 13, 225A.

Antibodies, polyclonal or monoclonal, can be purchased from a variety of commercial suppliers, or may be manufactured using well-known methods, e.g., as described in Harlow et al. Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1988. Her2 overexpression can also be determined at the nucleic acid level since there is a reported high correlation between overexpression of the Her2 protein and amplification of the gene that codes for it. One way to test this is by using RT-PCR. The genomic and cDNA sequences for Her2 are known. Specific DNA primers can be generated using standard, well-known techniques, and can then be used to amplify template already present in the cell. An example of this is described in Kurokawa, H. et al. Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 5887-5894. PCR can be standardized such that quantitative differences are observed as between normal and abnormal cells, e.g., cancerous and noncancerous cells. Well known methods employing, e.g., densitometry, can be used to quantitate and/or compare nucleic acid levels amplified using PCR. Similarly, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays and other assays can be used, e.g., Northern and/or Southern blotting. These rely on nucleic acid hybridization between the Her2 gene or mRNA and a corresponding nucleic acid probe that can be designed in the same or a similar way as for PCR primers, above. See, e.g., Mitchell M S, and Press M. F. Oncol., Suppl. 1999, 12, 108-116. For FISH, this nucleic acid probe can be conjugated to a fluorescent molecule, e.g., fluorescein and/or rhodamine, that preferably does not interfere with hybridization, and which fluorescence can later be measured following hybridization. See, e.g., Kurokawa, H et al, Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 5887-5894 (describing a specific nucleic acid probe having sequence 5′-FAM-NucleicAcid-TAMRA-p-3′ sequence). ACIS-based approaches as described above can be employed to make the assay more quantitative (de la Torre-Bueno, J., et al. Modern Pathology 2000, 13, 221A).

Immuno and nucleic acid detection can also be directed against proteins other than HSP90 and HER2, which proteins are nevertheless affected in response to HSP90 inhibition.

The following examples are offered by way of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting of the full scope and spirit of the invention.

EXAMPLES Materials and Methods

The chemical reagents used to create the novel products of the invention below are all available commercially, e.g., from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis., USA. Otherwise their preparation is facile and known to one of ordinary skill in the art, or it is referenced or described herein.

The final compounds were usually purified by preparative TLC (silica gel 60 Å, Whatman Partisil PK6F) or flash chromatography (silica gel 60 Å, EMD Chemicals) using EtOAc/hexane or MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ as eluents. Rf's were measured using silica gel TLC plates (silica gel 60 Å, EMED Chemicals). Analytical HPLC chromatograms were obtained using a C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 300SB-C18; 5 microns; 4.6 mm×150 mm). A gradient was applied between solvent A (0.1% TFA in H₂O) and solvent B (0.5% TFA in CH₃CN) increasing the proportion of A linearly from 5% (t=0) to 100% (t=7.00 min), with a constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. The samples were diluted to typically 0.1-1 mg/ml in MeOH or CH₃CN and the injection volumes were typically 10 μL. The column was not heated, and UV detection was effected at 254 nm. ¹H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer.

The chemical names were generated using the Beilstein Autonom 2.1 software.

General Procedures

General Procedure A: Sonogashira Coupling.

A mixture of the appropriate 5-iodo-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, alkyne (2-5 equiv.), Et₃N (2-5 equiv.), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.01-0.05 equiv.), and CuI (0.05-0.30 equiv.) in DCM (5 mL/mmol of starting iodide) was heated to reflux for 0.5-3 h. The reaction mixture was washed with sat. sq. NaHCO₃ and brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated. Flash chromatography (EtOAc/DCM/Et₃N 15:74:1, gradually adding MeOH (0-7 vol %)) gave the desired 5-alkynyl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine in typically 20-70% yield.

General Procedure B: ZnCl₂-Mediated Deprotection.

A suspension of 2-(pivaloylamino)-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and ZnCl₂ (3-20 equiv.) in wet EtOH (5 vol % water) was heated to 80 AC, and monitored by HPLC. When the reaction reached completion, DCM was added, and the organic layer was washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and brine. Drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration afforded the desired 2-amino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine.

Example 1 3-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-yn-1-ol

See Shih, C. et al. Heterocycles, 1993, 35, 825 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,196,424.

Step 1. 2-Amino-3,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one

A mixture of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (300 g, 2.37 mol), chloroacetaldehyde (50% aq. solution, 382 g, 2.43 mol, 303 mL, 1.02 eq.), sodium acetate (195 g, 2.37 mol), DMF (2.5 L), and water (360 mL) was stirred mechanically at rt for 2 days. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, and washed with water (50 mL×3). The mother liquor was concentrated to give additional material which was washed with water (50 mL×3). The combined solid materials were recrystallized from MeOH to give the title compound as a white powder (186 g, 52% yield, HPLC purity: 100%). t_(R): 2.21 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 11.00 (br. s, 1H), 10.33 (br. s, 1H), 6.63 (q, 1H), 6.21 (q, 1H), 6.12 (br. s, 2H).

Step 2. 2,2-Dimethyl-N-(4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-propionamide

A solution of 2-amino-3,7-dihydro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (186 g, 1.23 mol) in pyridine (2 L) was treated with trimethylacetyl chloride (475 g, 3.94 mol, 485 mL, 3.2 eq) at 90° C. for 2 h, to give a mixture of N(2)-monoacylated and N(2), N(7)-bisacylated material. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was taken up in aqueous ammonia (37% NH₃, 310 mL) and MeOH (2 L), and stirred at rt for 30 min, to selectively cleave the N(7)-pivaloyl group. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (500 mL×5), and dried on high vacuum to give the title compound as a solid (193 g). Concentration of the mother liquor provided additional solid material, which was collected, washed with water (50 mL×5), and dried (77 g). The combined yield was 93% (HPLC purity 98.6%). t_(R): 4.57 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 12.00, (br. s, 1H), 7.40 (br. s, 1H), 6.96 (q, 1H), 6.40 (q, 1H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Step 3. N-(4-Chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A mixture of 2,2-dimethyl-N-(4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-propionamide (210 g, 0.90 mol), POCl₃ (828 g, 5.40 mol, 503 mL, 6.0 eq), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (411 g, 1.80 mol), N,N-dimethylaniline (220 g, 231 mL, 1.80 mol), and acetonitrile (2.0 L) was heated to reflux for 40-60 min, monitoring with HPLC. The solvent was evaporated on a rotary evaporator, and the residue was carefully (caution: exothermic and corrosive) and slowly added to ice water (16 L). The pH was adjusted to 7 with solid NaOH, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. Drying afforded the title compound (159 g, 70% yield 70%, HPLC purity 100%). t_(R): 5.37 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 12.35 (br. s, 1H), 10.06 (br. S, 1H), 7.54 (q, 1H), 6.52 (q, 1H), 1.25 (s, 9H).

Step 4. N-(4-Chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A solution of N-(4-chloro-7H-pyrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (101 g, 0.40 mol) in anhydrous THF (2 L) was treated with N-4-iodosuccinimide (98.9 g, 0.44 mol, 1.1 eq.) under N₂ atmosphere at rt for 40 min. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was taken up in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 L), and washed with Na₂SO₃ (500 mL×3) and brine (300 mL×3). Evaporated and recrystallizion from MeOH gave the title product as a white powder (122 g, 81% yield, HPLC purity: 98.2%). t_(R): 6.19 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 12.65 (br.s, 1H), 10.11 (br. s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Step 5. N-[4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A mixture of N-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (37.8 g, 0.1 mol), 2-chloromethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridine hydrochloride (23.1 g, 0.104 mol), finely powdered K₂CO₃, (41.5 g, 0.3 mol, 3.0 eq.), and anhydrous DMF (200 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue taken up in CH₂Cl₂ (500mL), washed with brine (200 mL×3), evaporated, and recrystallized from MeOH to give the title product as a white powder (42.0 g, 80% yield; HPLC purity 98%). t_(R): 6.49 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.16 (br. s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H).

Step 6. 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A mixture of N-[4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (1.0 g, 1.89 mmol), ZnCl₂ (1.29 g, 9.47 mol, 5.0 eq.), and EtOH/H₂O solution (25 mL, volumetric ratio 100:5) was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture poured into water, and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (10 mL×3), and recrystallized from MeOH to give the title product (0.67 g, 85% yield; HPLC purity 98%). t_(R): 5.39 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.75 (br. s, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Step 7. 3-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimetlzyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-yn-1-ol

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamaine (see example 1) with propargylic alcohol according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 4.42 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.71 (br. s, 2H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 5.22 (t, 1H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

Example 2 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 3-butyn-1-ol according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 4.54 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.69 (br.s., 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.82 (d, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 2.49 (t, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

Example 3 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-yn-1-ol

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 4-pentyn-1-ol according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 4.71 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.69 (br. s, 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.48 (d, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.50 (q, 2H), 2.42 (t, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.65 (5, 2H).

Example 4 4-Chloro-5-(3-diisobutylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1. N-[4-Chloro-5-(3-hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of N-[4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmeth)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (see Example 1) with propargylic alcohol according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 5.58 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 10.15 (br. s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 5.48 (s, 2H), 5.31 (t, 1H), 4.33 (d, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H).

Step 2. N-[4-Chloro-5-(3-diisobutylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A solution of N-[4-chloro-5-(3-hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (9.0 g, 19.7 mmol) and Et₃N (2 mL) in DCM (50 mL) was treated with MsCl (15.3 mL, 19.7 mmol) at 0° C. for 20 min and evaporated to give a yellow solid, containing mostly the desired mesylate (10.7 g). An aliquot of this solid (106.8 mg, 0.2 mmol) was treated with diisobutylamine (25.9 mg, 24.8 μL) in DCM (2 mL) at 0° C. for 10 h, and then at 25° C. for 3 days. Evaporation and preparative plate chromatography gave the title compound.

Step 3. 4-Chloro-5-(3-diisobutylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared by cleaving the pivaloyl protecting group of N-[4-chloro-5-(3-diisobutylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide with ZnCl₂ according to the General Procedure B. t_(R): 5.23 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.29 (s, 31H), 2.27 (d, 4H), 2.21 (s, 31H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 0.90 (d, 12H).

Example 5 4-Chloro-5-(3-diisopropylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1. N-[4-Chloro-5-(3-diisopropylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

A solution of N-[4-chloro-5-(3-hydroxy-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (9.0 g, 19.7 mmol) and Et₃N (2 mL) in DCM (50 mL) was treated with MsCl (15.3 mL, 19.7 mmol) at 0° C. for 20 min and evaporated to give a yellow solid, containing mostly the desired mesylate (10.7 g). An aliquot of this solid (106.8 mg, 0.2 mmol) was treated with diisopropylamine (20.3 mg, 28.1 μL) in DCM (2 mL) at 0° C. for 10 h, and then at 25° C. for 3 days. Evaporation and preparative plate chromatography gave the title compound.

Step 2. 4-Chloro-5-(3-diisopropylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared by cleaving the pivaloyl protecting group of N-[4-chloro-5-(3-diisopropylamino-prop-1-ynyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide with ZnCl₂ according to the General Procedure B. t_(R): 4.71 min. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.27 (7, 2H), 2.27 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 2H), 1.15 (d, 12H).

Example 6 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-pyridin-2-ylethynyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see, Example 1) with 2-ethynylpyridine according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 4.65 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.82 (td, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.36 (td, 1H), 6.84 (br. S, 2H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Example 7 6-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-hex-5-yn-1-ol

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 5-hexyn-1-ol according to the General Procedure A. t_(R): 4.92 min. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 6.69 (br. s, 2H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.39 (t, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.40 (q, 2H), 2.39 (t, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.55 (m, 4H).

Example 8 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1: N-[4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of N-[4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide (see Example 1) with ethynyl-trimethylsilane according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=7.48 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.18 (s, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 0.24 (s, 9H).

Step 2: 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was prepared by cleaving the pivaloyl protecting group of N-[4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide with ZnCl₂ according to the General Procedure B. t_(R)=6.56 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 0.24 (s, 9H).

Example 9 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynoic acid

The title compound was prepared by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 4-pentynoic acid according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=4.73 min. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d) δ 12.2 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 2H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.31 (br. s, 2H), 2362 (br. t, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H).

Example 10 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynoic acid diethylamide

A mixture of 5-[2-amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynoic acid (see previous example, 25 mg), Et₂NH (100 μL), EDCI (87 mg), HOBt (50 mg), and DMF (1 mL) was stirred at rt for 16 h. Preparative plate chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 2:1) gave the title compound. t_(R)=5.33 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.42 (q, 2H), 3.33 (q, 2H), 2.78 (dd, 2H), 2.64 (dd, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.20 (t, 3H), 1.13 (t, 3H).

Example 11 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pent-4-yn-1-one

Step 1: 1-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pent-4-yn-1-one

A solution of 4-pentynoic acid (519 mg, 5.29 mmol) and Et₃N (737 μL, 5.29 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was treated with ethyl chloroformate (504 μL, 5.29 mmol) at rt for 15 min. Then N-methyl-1-piperazine (588 μL, 5.29 mmol) was added, and stirring was prolonged for 45 min. Work-up (sat. aq. NaHCO₃) and concentration gave the title compound as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.63 (t, 2H), 3.48 (t, 2H), 2.55 (m, 4H), 2.38 (quint., 41H), 2.30 (s, 3H).

Step 2: 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pent-4-yn-1-one

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 1-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pent-4-yn-1-one according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=4.16 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.64 (t, 2H), 3.50 (t, 2H), 2.76 (dd, 2H), 2.64 (dd, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H).

Example 12 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynoic acid amide

Step 1: Pent-4-ynoic acid amide

A solution of 4-pentynoic acid (517 mg, 5.29 mmol) and Et₃N (737 μL, 5.29 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was treated with ethyl chloroformate (504 μL, 5.29 mmol) at rt for 15 min. Then NH₃ (7M in MeOH, 1 mL, 7 mmol) was added, and stirring was prolonged for 5 min. Work-up (sat. aq. NaHCO₃) and concentration gave the title compound as a colorless solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.03 (s, 1H), 5.86 (s, 1H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.02 (t, 1H).

Step 2: 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-yl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynoic acid amide

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with pent-4-ynoic acid amide according to the general procedure A. t_(R)=4.35 min. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.71 (s, 2H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.59 (t, 2H), 2.34 (t, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H).

Example 13 {3-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Step 1: Prop-2-ynyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

A solution of propargylamine (1 g, 18 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was treated with (BOC)₂O (4.0 g, 18 mmol) at rt for 3 h. Evaporation gave the title compound as an oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.80 (s, 1H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 2.23 (t, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

Step 2: {3-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with prop-2-ynyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=5.91 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

Example 14 5-(3-Amino-prop-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of {3-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (see previous example, 22 mg) in DCM (3 mL) was treated with TFA (0.6 mL) at rt for 15 min. Evaporation, work-up (DCM/sat. aq. NaHCO₃), drying (Na₂SO₄), and evaporation gave the title compound as an oil. t_(R)=3.85 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Example 15 {5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Step 1: Pent-4-ynyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

A solution of pent-4-ynylamine (480 mg; Li, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9295) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with (BOC)₂O at rt for 15 min. Evaporation gave the title compound as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.68 (s, 1H), 3.24 (q, 2H), 2.25 (td, 2H), 1.97 (t, 1H), 1.70 (quint., 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

Step 2: {5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with pent-4-ynyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=5.96 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.80 (br. t, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q, 2H), 2.48 (t, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.80 (quint., 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

Example 16 5-(5-Amino-pent-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

A solution of {5-[2-amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethy)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (see previous example, 33 mg) in DCM (1.0 mL) was treated with TFA (0.2 mL) at rt for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated, taken in water (1.5 mL), washed with EtOAc (1.5 mL), made alkaline with sat. aq. NH₄OH (0.5 mL), and back-extracted into EtOAc (25 mL). Washing (NH₄OH 1M), drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration afforded the title compound. t_(R)=4.37 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.48 (t, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.80 (quint., 2H).

Example 17 2-{5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-ynyl}-isoindole-1,3-dione

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 2-pent-4-ynyl-isoindole-1,3-dione (Li, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9295) according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=6.08 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₂;) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd, 2H), 7.58 (dd, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 3.81 (t, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.46 (t, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.95 (quint., 2H).

Example 18 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-(4-morpholin-4-yl-but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1: Methanesulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester

A solution of 3-but-1-ynol (5.62 g, 80.2 mmol.) and Et₃N (14.5 mL, 104 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was treated with MsCl (7.48 mL, 96.2 mmol) at 0° C. for 10 min. Work-up (water; sat. aq. NaHCO₃), drying (Na₂SO₄), and concentration gave the title compound as a pale orange oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.32 (t, 2H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.67 (td, 2H), 2.09 (t, 2H).

Step 2: 4-But-3-ynyl-morpholine

A mixture of methanesulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (10.1 g, 68 mmol) and morpholine (12.5 mL, 143 mmol) was heated to 100° C. for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with Et₂O (50 mL) and filtered. The solid residue was discarded, and the mother liquor extracted with 3N HCl. The aqueous layer was basified with NaOH, and back-extracted into EtOAc. Drying (Na₂SO₄), concentration, and distillation (short-path, b.p.=130° C. at ˜5 mm Hg) game the title compound as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.72 (t, 4H), 2.60 (t, 2H), 2.48 (t, 4H), 2.39 (td, 2H), 2.00 (t, 1H).

Step 3: 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-(4-morpholin-4-yl-but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 4-but-3-ynyl-morpholine according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=4.12 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.72 (t, 4H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.52 (t, 4H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Example 19 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1: 5-Iodo-pent-1-yne

A mixture of 5-chloro-pent-1-yne (5.0 mL, 47 mmol), NaI (9.7 g, 65 mmol) and acetone (20 mL) was heated to reflux for 15 h. Additional NaI (9.7 g, 65 mmol) was added, and the refluxed was prolonged for 24 h. After filtration and concentration, the residue was dissolved in hexane and washed with water and aq. Na₂S₂O₃. Drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration afforded the title compound. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.33 (t, 2H), 2.36 (td, 2H), 2.03 (quint., 2H), 2.01 (t, 1H).

Step 2: 4-Pent-4-ynyl-morpholine

A mixture of 5-iodo-pent-1-yne (2.40 g, 12.3 mmol) and morpholine (2.70 g, 30.9 mmol) was heated to 80° C. for 15 min. The mixture was diluted with Et₂O and filtered. The solid residue was discarded, and the mother liquor was extracted with 3N HCl. The aqueous layer was made basic with NaOH, and back-extracted into EtOAc. Drying (Na₂SO₄), and concentration gave the title compound as a pale orange oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.67 (t, 4H), 2.39 (m, 6H), 2.21 (td, 2H), 1.93 (t, 1H), 1.67 (quint., 2H).

Step 3: 4-Chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with 4-pent-4-ynyl-morpholine according to the general procedure A. t_(R)=4.26 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.71 (t, 4H), 2.51-2.45 (m, 8H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.78 (quint., 2H).

Example 20 5-(4-tert-Butylamino-but-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1: tert-Butyl-but-3-ynyl-amine

A solution of toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (1.57 g, 7.1 mmol) in tert-BuNH₂ (3.54 g. 48 mmol) was heated to reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et₂O (20 mL), filtered, and concentrated to afford the title product. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.74 (t, 2H), 2.38 (td, 2H), 2.00 (t, 1H), 1.12 (s, 9H).

Step 2: 5-(4-tert-Butylamino-but-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with tert-butyl-but-3-ynyl-amine according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=4.38 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.81 (t, 2H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.13 (s, 9H).

Example 21 5-(5-tert-Butylamino-pent-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

Step 1: tert-Butyl-pent-4-ynyl-amine

A solution of 5-iodo-pent-1-yne (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol) in tert-BuNH₂ (2.0 g. 27 mmol) was heated to reflux for 4 h, evaporated, diluted with Et₂O, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.67 (t, 2H), 2.27 (td, 2H), 1.96 (t, 1H), 1.70 (quint., 2H), 1.11 (s, 9H).

Step 2: 5-(5-tert-Butylamino-pent-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine

The title compound was obtained by Sonogashira coupling of 4-Chloro-5-iodo-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylamine (see Example 1) with tert-butyl-pent-4-ynyl-amine according to the General Procedure A. t_(R)=4.51 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.74 (t, 2H), 2.50 (t, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.76 (quint., 2H), 1.12 (s, 9H).

Example 22 Dimethylamino-acetic acid 3-[2-amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-ynyl ester

A solution of 3-[2-amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-prop-2-yn-1-ol (see example 1, 177 mg, 0.48 mmol) in anhydrous pyridine (3 mL) was treated with N,N-dimethylamino-acetyl chloride hydrochloride (113 mg, 0.72 mmol) at rt for 30 min. Addition of toluene (10 mL) caused the formation of a sticky pellet. The toluene solution was discarded, and the pellet was partitioned between water and DCM. The DCM layer was concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/DCM/Et₃N 33:66:1, gradually adding MeOH (0-2%)) to afford the title compound. t_(R)=4.51 min. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).

Example 23 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol (H. Zhang et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 7851) according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. Mp=163-165° C. HPLC Rt=4.98 min.

Example 24 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine

A mixture of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (887 mg) and N-methyl piperazine (607 μL) was heated to 80° C. for 4.5 h, diluted with 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) and heated to 70° C. for 18 h. Saturated aq. NaHCO₃ was added (10 mL) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3×40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford 1-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine (0.23 g).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine, according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. Mp=160.1-162.3° C. HPLC Rt=4.08 min.

Example 25 4-chloro-5-(5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)pent-1-ynyl)-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine

A mixture of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (849 mg) and N-methyl piperazine (665 μL) was heated to 80° C. for 3 h, diluted with 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) and heated to 70° C. for 18 h. Saturated aq. NaHCO₃ was added (10 mL) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (1×40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to afford 0.56 g of 1-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine, according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. Mp=142.3-144.1° C. HPLC Rt=4.11 min.

Example 26 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-methylpiperazine

A mixture of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (972 mg) and N-methyl piperazine (482 μL) was heated to 80 C for 4.5 h, diluted with 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) and heated to 70° C. for 18 h. Saturated aq. NaHCO₃ was added (10 mL) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3×40 mL), and concentrated to afford 0.70 g of 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-methylpiperazine as a 3:2 mixture of tosylate salt and free base.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-methylpiperazine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as an oil. HPLC Rt=4.05 min.

Example 27 4-(5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-ynyl)-N-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide

Step 1: 1-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine

A solution of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (19.55 g) and piperazine (41.5 g) in EtOH (80 mL) was heated to reflux for 1 h, and evaporated. The residue was taken in NaOH 2M (70 mL) and extracted with Et₂O (70 mL). Evaporation gave 1-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine (4.4 g).

Step 2: 4-nitrophenyl 4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

A solution of 1-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine (2.2 g) and Et₃N (22 mL) in 1,2-dichloroethane (22 mL) was treated with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (2.9 g) at rt for 10 min. Work-up and silica gel chromatography (DCM:EtOAc 1:3→0:3) gave 4-nitrophenyl 4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate as a yellow oil (2.96 g).

Step 3: N-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide

A solution of 4-nitrophenyl 4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.37 g) in THF (10 mL) was treated with 40% aq. MeNH₂ (10 mL) at 70 C for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated and diluted with conc. NH₄OH (5 mL) and water (15 mL). Extraction (DCM, 80 mL) and concentration gave N-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (0.659 g).

Step 4

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with N-methyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. Mp=191.2-193.2° C. HPLC Rt=4.24 min.

Example 28 4-(5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-ynyl)-N-ethylpiperazine-1-carboxamide

Step 1: N-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide

A solution of 1-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine (1.08) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with ethyl isocyanate (0.56 mL) at rt for 2 h, and evaporated to yield N-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with N-ethyl-4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. Mp=200.5-203.3° C. HPLC Rt=4.35 min.

Example 29 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine

A solution of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.72 g), N-phenyl piperazine (1.17 mL) and diisoproylethylamine (1.45 mL) in 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (3% Et₃N in EtOAc) afforded 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine (0.76 g)

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.97 min.

Example 30 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(4-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine

A solution of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.27 g), 1-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (1.17 g) and diisoproylethylamine (1.37 mL) in 1,2-dichloroethane (7 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 1:1→1:0) afforded 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (0.59 g)

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(but-3-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.09 min.

Example 31 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 2-(4-(but-3-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine

A solution of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.14 g), 2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.06 g) and diisoproylethylamine (1.24 mL) in 1,2-dichloroethane (6 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 1:1→1:0) afforded 2-(4-(but-3-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine (0.60 g).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 2-(4-(but-3-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.50 min.

Example 32 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(5-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-ylopent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine

A solution of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (1.05 g), N-phenyl piperazine (1.02 g) and diisoproylethylamine (1.2 mL) in THF (5 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with aq. NaOH 2M (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 2:1→2:0) afforded 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine (1.03 g).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-phenylpiperazine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=5.08 min.

Example 33 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(5-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrmidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine

A solution of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (1.05 g), 1-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (1.02 g) and diisoproylethylamine (1.2 ml) in THF (5 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with aq. NaOH 2M (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 2:1→2:0) afforded 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (1.02 g).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.23 min.

Example 34 4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(5-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pent-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 2-(4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine

A solution of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (1.05 g), 2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.02 g) and diisoproylethylamine (1.2 mL) in THF (5 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with aq. NaOH 2M (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×50 mL). Drying (Na₂SO₄) and silica gel flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 2:1→2:0) afforded 2-(4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine (0.95 g).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 2-(4-(pent-4-ynyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.61 min.

Example 35 5-(5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pent-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-1H-imidazole

A mixture of pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (1.06 g), imidazole (534 mg) and K₂CO₃ (3.66 g) in 2-butanone (11 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. Work-up (DCM, H₂O), drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration gave 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-1H-imidazole (472 mg).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(pent-4-ynyl)-1H-imidazole according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.40 min.

Example 36 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl ethyl carbonate

A solution of 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol (see example 2) (1.53 g) and NaH (95%, 0.38 g) in anhydrous DMA (25 mL) was treated with ethyl chloroformate (1.5 mL) at 0-23° C. for 0.5 h. Work-up and preparative HPLC gave the title compound. HPLC Rt=5.65 min.

Example 37 Ethyl-4-chloro-5-(4-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)but-1-ynyl)-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ylcarbamate

A suspension of 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol (see example 2) (0.73 g) in anhydrous pyridine (5 mL) and DCM (25 mL) was treated with ethyl chloroformate (1 mL) at rt for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 0° C., treated with addition EtOCOCl (1 mL), and the temperature was allowed to slowly reach rt overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and washed sequentially with H₂O, NH₄OH 1M, and brine. The DCM was evaporated, but not the residual pyridine, Addition of MeOH (20 mL) induced crystallization of the product, as white needles. HPLC Rt=6.28 min.

Example 38 4-(4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl)-N-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide

Step 1: 1-(but-3-ynyl)piperazine

A solution of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2.0 mL) and piperazine (2.0 g) in EtOH (6 mL) was heated to reflux for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with NaOH 2 M (8 mL) and extracted with Et₂O (50 mL). Evaporation of the organic layer gave a 2:1 mixture of mono and bis-alkylated piperazine (450 mg) which was discarded. The aqueous layer was further extracted with DCM (100 mL) to give of 1-(but-3-ynyl)piperazine (640 mg).

Step 2: 4-(but-3-ynyl)-N-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide

A solution of 1-(but-3-ynyl)piperazine (445 mg) in THF (4 mL) was treated with 4-nitrophenyl carbonochloridate (649 mg) at rt for 5 min. A precipitate formed immediately, and the suspension was treated with Et₃N (0.45 mL) to ensure complete reaction. The suspension was diluted with H₂O (2 mL), MeOH (2 mL) and 40% aq. MeNH₂ (4.0 mL) and stirred at rt for 3 days. Extraction with DCM (50 mL), washing (NaOH 2M), drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration gave 4-(but-3-ynyl)-N-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide (370 mg).

Step 3

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 4-(but-3-ynyl)-N-methylpiperazine-1-carboxamide according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.10 min

Example 39 5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)but-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Step 1: 1-(but-3-ynyl)-1H-imidazole

A mixture of but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.04 g), imidazole (573 mg) and K₂CO₃ (3.88 g) in 2-butanone (10 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. Work-up (DCM, H₂O), drying (Na₂SO₄) and concentration gave 1-(but-3-ynyl)-1H-imidazole (501 mg).

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 1-(but-3-ynyl)-1H-imidazole according to the general procedure A gave the title compound., as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.21 min.

Example 40 (S)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl 2-aminopropanoate

A solution of 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol (see example 2) (51.7 mg), N-Boc alanine (53.3 mg), DMAP (33.7 mg), and EDCI (54.9 mg) in anhyrous DMA (4 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. Work-up (EtOAc; H₂O) gave the crude Boc-protected intermediate. A solution of this intermediate (40 mg) in DCM (1.0 (mL) was treated with TFA (0.2 mL) at rt for 5 min, and evaporated. The material was dissolved in MeOH (1 ml) and water (10 mL), and washed with Et₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was brought to pH>7 with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and back-extracted with DCM. The title compound was isolates as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.37 min.

Example 41 (R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate

This compound was obtained by the same procedure as used for example 40, using N-Boc valine in place of N-Boc alanine, to give the title compound as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.58 min.

Example 42 (R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl 2-amino-4-methylpenitanoate

This compound was obtained by the same procedure as used for example 40, using N-Boc isoleucine in place of N-Boc valine, to give the title compound as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.76 min.

Example 43 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl di-tert-butyl phosphate

A solution of 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol (see example 2) (4.0 g) and 1-H-tetrazole (0.45 M in acetonitrile, 70 mL) in THF (160 mL) was treated with di-tert-butyl diisopropylphosphoramidite (16.4 mL) at rt for 2 h. The solution was cooled to 0° C. and treated with 30% aqueous H₂O₂ (11 mL) for 30 min. Work-up (EtOAc, aq. NaHCO₃) and reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=6.13 min.

Example 44 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl dihydrogen phosphate

A solution of 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl di-tert-butyl phosphate (see example 43) in DCM

was treated with TFA

at rt for

h. Evaporation gave the title compound as a TFA salt (5 g). The crude was dissolved in a mixture of Et₃N (0.7 mL and MeOH (60 mL), loaded on Dowex 50Wx2-400 (20 g, pre-washed with MeOH), and the resin was washed with MeOH (200 mL) to remove the excess TFA. The desired phosphate was released from the resin with Et₃N:MeOH 1:10 (200 mL) The solution was concentrated to give the phosphate as an oily triethylamine salt (2.75 g). Crystallization was induced with EtOH (60 mL). The mixture was left at rt for 1.5 h and at −20° C. overnight to give a first crop of crystals (0.64 g). The mixture was concentrated and the crystallization procedure was repeated to give a second crop (0.74 g). The combined triethylamine salts (1274 mg) were dissolved in MeOH (50 mL) with the help of Et₃N (326 μL) and treated with a 1.0 M solution of NaOH in MeOH (4.68 mL). Evaporation and drying on high vacuum overnight gave the title compound as a solid sodium salt. HPLC Rt=4.21 min.

Example 45 2-((2-amino-4-chloro-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Step 1: 2-((4-chloro-5-iodo-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

A mixture of N-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)pivalainide (235 mg), 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (129 mg), and K₂CO₃ (413 mg) in DMF (6.0 mL) was stirred at rt for 3 days, and diluted with water. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with IPA to give 2-((4-chloro-5-iodo-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (124 mg). Solid. HPLC Rt=6.73 min

Step 2: 2-((4-chloro-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Sonogashira coupling of 2-((4-chloro-5-iodo-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (335 mg) with but-3-yn-1-ol (200 μL) according to the general procedure A gave crude 2-((4-chloro-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (291 mg).

Solid. HPLC Rt=5.82 min.

Step 3

Crude 2-((4-chloro-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2-pivalamido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)methyl)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (291 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL EtOH. An aliquot of this solution (2 mL) was further diluted with EtOH (5 mL) and treated with ZnCl₂ (103 mg) at 120° C. for 20 min in a microwave oven. Reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound (2.2 mg), as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.88 min.

Example 46 5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

A mixture of 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (516 mg) and CsF (2.0 g) in DMF (7.0 mL) was heated to 70° C. for 1 h. Work-up and flash chromatography (1→3% MeOH in DCM) gave the title compound (280 mg), as a pale yellow oil. HPLC Rt=5.90 min.

Example 47 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=5.31 min.

Example 48 4-chloro-5-(5-fluoropent-1-ynyl)-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

A solution of KF (77.8 mg), Kryptofix 222 (Aldrich, 839 mg) and water (10 mL) was evaporated to dryness, and dried first azeotropically with anh. CH₃CN (3×20 mL), then on high vacuum at 50° C. overnight. The solid was redissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (13 mL) to give a 0.1 M fluoride solution. Treatment of 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-ynyl methanesulfonate (see example 47) (42 mg) with this solution (3 mL) at 60-70° C. for 2 h, work-up and reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound, as an oil. HPLC Rt=5.88 min.

Example 49 (S)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-yne-1,2-diol

Treatment of 5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (see example 46) (35 mg) with AD-mix-α (Aldrich, 540 mg) in t-BuOH:THF:water 1:1:1 (6 mL) at rt overnight, followed by work-up and reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound (10 mg), as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.13 min

Example 50 (R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-yne-1,2-diol

Treatment of 5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (see example 46) (35 mg) with AD-mix-β (Aldrich, 540 mg) in t-BuOH:THF:water 1:1:1 (6 mL) at rt overnight, followed by work-up and reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound (10 mg), as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.13 min

Example 51 4-chloro-7-((4-methox-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 2-methylbut-1-en-3-yne according to the general procedure

A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=6.00 min.

Example 52 (S)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yne-1,2-diol

Treatment of 4-chloro-7-(1-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (see example 51) (263 mg) with AD-mix-α (Aldrich, 1.41 g) in t-BuOH:water 1:1: (7 mL) at rt for 3 days, followed by quench (NaHSO₃, 1.6 g), work-up, and preparative HPLC gave the title compound (69 mg), as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.36 min

Example 53 (R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yne-1,2-diol

Treatment of 4-cloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-5-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (see example 51) (357 mg) with AD-mix-β (Aldrich, 1.57 g) in t-BuOH:water 1:1: (10 mL) at rt for 18 h, followed by quench (NaHSO₃, 1.2 g), work-up, and silica gel flash chromatography (1→10% MeOH in DCM) gave the title compound (61 mg) and recovered starting material (263 mg). Solid. HPLC Rt=4.36 min.

Example 54 (R)—((S)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-ynyl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropanoate

A mixture of (S)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yne-1,2-diol (see example 52) (18 mg), (S)-(+)-α-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride (45 μL), and Et₃N (50 μL) in THF (3.0 mL) was heated to 70° C. for 2 h, and then to 40° C. overnight. Preparative TLC (EtOAc/DCM 25:65) gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=6.45 min.

Example 55 (R)—((R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-ynyl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropanoate

A mixture of (R)-4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yne-1,2′-diol (see example 53) (22 mg), (S)-(+)-α-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride (45 μL), and Et₃N (50 μL) in THF (3.0 mL) was heated to 40° C. overnight. Preparative TLC (EtOAc/DCM 25:65) gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=6.44 min.

Example 56 2-((2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate

Step 1: 2-ethynyl-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate

An ethynylmagnesium bromide solution (0.5 M in THF) was cooled to −78° C. under nitrogen. A solution of 1,3-diacetoxyacetone (0.5 g) in THF (3.0 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min at −78° C., then at 0° C. for 5 min, quenched with 1.0 N aq. HCl (3 mL) and extracted in EtOAc. Evaporation gave crude 2-ethynyl-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate, contaminated with about 50 mol % of 1,3-dacetoxyacetone. The crude material was used without further purification.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with crude 2-ethynyl-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as an oil. HPLC Rt=4.89 min.

Example 57 2-((2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl)propane-1,2,3-triol

A solution of 2-((2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethynyl)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate (see example 56) (60 mg) and Et₃N (1 mL) in THF (1 mL) and MeOH (6 ml,) was heated in a microwave oven to 150° C. for 20 min. Concentration and preparative HPLC gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=3.90 min.

Example 58 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.81 min.

Example 59 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-yn-2-ol

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with pent-4-yn-2-ol according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.29 min

Example 60 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl acetate

Step 1: But-3-ynyl acetate

A solution of but-3-yn-1-ol (3.0 mL) and Et₃N (6.6 mL) in 1,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) was treated with AcCl (3.1 mL) with caution (very exothermic). Work-up gave but-3-ynyl acetate.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-armine with but-3-ynyl acetate according to the general procedure A gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=5.31 min.

Example 61 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl sulfamate

A mixture of formic acid (0.463 g) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 drop) was added to a solution of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (1.31 g) in DCM (9 mL), and heated to reflux for 3 h. The resulting solution was added to a solution of 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol (see example 2) (200 mg) in DMA (10 mL) and stirred at rt for 30 min. Work-up and reverse-phase preparative HPLC gave the title compound, as a solid. HPLC Rt=4.96 min.

Example 62 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)pent-4-ynyl sulfamate

The title compound was obtained by the same procedure as in example 61, carrying out the reaction on 5-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pent-4-yn-1-ol (see example 2) Solid. HPLC Rt=4.77 min.

Example 63 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl hydrogen sulfate

Step 1: But-3-ynyl hydrogen sulfate, pyridine salt

But-3-yn-1-ol (2.1 g) in DCM (20 mL) was treated with sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex (4.77 g) overnight. The solid was filtered off and the reaction mixture was concentrated and used without further purification.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with the pyridine salt of but-3-ynyl hydrogen sulfate according to the general procedure A gave the title compound.

Solid. HPLC Rt=4.24 min.

Example 64 4-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)but-3-ynyl bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphate

Step 1: But-3-ynyl bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphate

A solution of but-3-yn-1-ol (0.413 g) in DCE (20 mL) was treated with Et₃N (2 mL) and bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphorochloride (2.27 g) at 50° C. overnight. Work-up gave crude but-3-ynyl bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphate as an oil that was used without further purification.

Step 2

Sonogashira coupling of 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine with but-3-ynyl bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphate according to the general procedure I gave the title compound.

Solid. HPLC Rt=6.69 min.

Example 65 rHSP90 Competitive Binding Assay

Five microgram of purified rHSP90 protein (Stressgen, BC, Canada, #SPP-770) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was coated on 96 well plates by incubating overnight at 4° C. Unbound protein was removed and the coated wells were washed twice with 200 μL PBS. DMSO controls (considered as untreated samples) or test compounds were then added at 100-30-10-3-1-0.3 μM dilutions (in PBS), the plates mixed for 30 seconds on the plate shaker, and then incubated for 60-min. at 37° C. The wells were washed twice with 200 μL PBS, and 10 μM biotinylated-geldanamycin (biotin-GM) was added and incubated for 60 min. at 37° C. The wells were washed again twice with 200 μL PBS, before the addition of 20 μg/mL streptavidin-phycoerythrin (streptavidin-PE) (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.) and incubation for 60 min. at 37° C. The wells were washed again twice with 200 μL PBS. Relative fluorescence units (RFU) was measured using a SpectraMax Gemini XS Spectrofluorometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.) with an excitation at 485 nm and emission at 580 nm; data was acquired using SOFTmax® PRO software (Molecular Devices Corporation, Sunnyvale, Calif.). The background was defined as the RFU generated from wells that were not coated with HSP90 but were treated with the biotin-GM and streptavidin-PE. The background measurements were subtracted from each sample treated with biotin-GM and streptavidin-PE measurements before other computation. Percent inhibition of binding for each sample was calculated from the background subtracted values as follows:

% binding inhibition=[(RFU untreated−RFU treated)/RFU untreated]×100.

Example 66

Cell Lysate Binding Assay

MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lysates were prepared by douncing in lysing buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.3, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl₂, 100 mM KCl), and then incubated with or without test compound for 30 mins at 4° C., followed by incubation with biotin-GM linked to BioMag™ streptavidin magnetic beads (Qiagen) for 1 hr at 4° C. The tubes were placed on a magnetic rack, and the unbound supernatant removed. The magnetic beads were washed three times in lysis buffer and boiled for 5 mins at 95° C. in SDS-PAGE sample buffer. Samples were analyzed on SDS protein gels, and Western Blots were done for rHSP90. Bands in the Western Blots were quantitated using the Bio-rad Fluor-S MultiImager, and the % inhibition of binding of rHSP90 to the biotin-GM was calculated. The lysate binding ability of selected compounds of the invention based on the above assay is summarized in Table 3. The IC₅₀ reported is the concentration of test compound needed to achieve 50% inhibition of the biotin-GM binding to rHSP90 in the MCF7 cell lysates.

Example 67 Her2 Degradation Assay

Many cancers are associated with the over expression Her2 protein. It has been shown that compounds able to diminish Her2 levels show good promise as anti-cancer agents. Thus a good in vitro assay for identifying compounds of the present invention, which are likely to demonstrate anti-cancer activity, is the Her2 degradation assay, as described below:

MCF7 breast carcinoma cells (ATCC) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 mM HEPES, and plated in 24 well plates (50% confluent). Twenty-four hrs later (cells are 65-70% confluent), test compounds were added and incubated overnight for 16 h. For the less potent compounds, the amounts added were 100 μM, 30 μM, 10 μM and 1 μM, and for more potent compounds, the amounts added were 1 μM, 0.3 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.03 μM, 0.01 μM and 0.003 M. The wells were washed with 1 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and 200 μL trypsin was added to each well. After trypsinization was complete, 50 μL of FBS was added to each well. Then 200 μL cells were transferred to 96 well plates. The cells were pipetted up and down to obtain a single cell suspension. The plates were centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 1 min using a Sorvall Legend RT™ tabletop centrifuge (Kendro Laboratory Products, Asheville, N.C.). The cells were then washed once in PBS containing 0.2% BSA and 0.2% sodium azide (BA buffer). Phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated anti IER2/Neu antibody (Becton Dickinson, #340552), or PE conjugated anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH] (Becton Dickinson, #340761) control antibody was added at a dilution of 1:20 and 1:40 respectively (final concentration was 1 μg/mL) and the cells were pipeted up and down to form a single cell suspension, and incubated for 15 mins. The cells were washed twice with 200 μL BA buffer, and resuspended in 200 μL BA buffer, and transferred to FACSCAN tubes with an additional 250 μL BA buffer. Samples were analyzed using a FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, Calif.) equipped with Argon-ion laser that emits 15 mW of 488 nm light for excitation of the PE fluorochrome. 10,000 events were collected per sample. A fluorescence histogram was generated and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each sample was determined using Cellquest software. The background was defined as the NM generated from cells incubated with control IgG-PE, and was subtracted from each sample stained with the HER2/Neu antibody. Cells incubated with DMSO were used as untreated controls since the compounds were resuspended in DMSO. Percent degradation of Her2 was calculated as follows:

% Her2 degraded=[(MFI untreated cells−MFI treated cells)/MFI untreated cell]×100.

The Her2 degradation ability of selected compounds of the invention based on this assay is summarized in Table 3. IC₅₀ is defined as the concentration at which there was 50% degradation of the HER2/Neu protein.

Example 68 MTS Assay

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assays measure the cytotoxicity of geldanamycin derivatives. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) is a tetrazolium dye that is converted to a formazan product by dehydrogenase enzymes of metabolically active cells (Corey, A. et al. “Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth assays in culture,” Cancer Commun. 1991, 3, 207-212). Cells were seeded in 96 well plates at 2000 cells/well and allowed to adhere overnight in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The final culture volume was 100 μl. Viable cell number was determined by using the Celltiter 96 AQ_(ueous) Non-radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison Wis.). The MTS/PMS (phenazine methosulfate) solution was mixed at a ratio of 20:1, and 20 μL was added per well to 100 μl of culture medium. After 2-4 hours, the formation of the formazan product was measured at 490 nm absorbance using a multiwell plate spectrophotometer. Background was determined by measuring the Abs 490 nm of cell culture medium and MTS-PMS in the absence of cells and was subtracted from all values. Percent viable cells was calculated as follows:

% viable cells=(Abs at 490 nm treated cells/Abs at 490 nm untreated cells)×100

The effect of selected compounds of the invention on MCF7 breast carcinoma cells according to the MTS assay is summarized in table 3. IC₅₀ was defined as the concentration of the compound which gave rise to 50% reduction in viable cell number.

TABLE 3 Biological Activities of Selected Compounds of the Invention

IC₅₀ (μM) Sample Lysate MTS MTS No Example R³ Her2 binding BT474 MCF7 1 1 —CH₂OH 0.012 ND 0.02 0.13 2 10 —CH₂CH₂CON(Et)₂ 0.03 0.018 0.05 0.7 3 2 —CH₂CH₂OH 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.013 4 3 —CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 0.006 0.003 0.008 0.013 5 5 —CH₂N(iPr)₂ 0.055 ND 0.08 0.1 6 11

0.018 ND 0.02 0.1 7 12 —CH₂CH₂CONH₂ 0.016 0.012 0.02 0.03 8 16 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂ 0.028 ND >10 0.09 9 15 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHBOC 0.009 ND 1.0 0.06 10 17

0.007 ND 0.1 0.01 11 18

0.01 ND 1.0 0.05 12 19

0.015 ND 1.0 0.1 13 20 —CH₂CH₂NHtBu 0.012 ND 23 130 14 21 —CH₂CH₂CH₂NHt-Bu 0.015 ND 30 230 15 7 —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 0.009 ND 20 200 16 22 —CH₂O(CO)CH₂NMe₂ 0.013 ND 20 200 ND, not determined.

Example 69 In Vivo Mouse Tumor Studies

Six to 8 week old Balb/C and nu/nu athymic female mice were obtained from Harlan Sprague Dawley, (Indianapolis, Ind.). The mice were maintained in sterilized filter topped cages or ventilated caging in a room with a 12 hour light/dark cycle. Irradiated pelleted food (Harlan Teklad #7912) and autoclaved deionized water were provided ad libitum. Animals were identified by the use of individually numbered ear tags. Experiments were carried out under institutional guidelines for the proper and human use of animals in research established by the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR).

Tumor fragments (approximately 2 mm³) or 5×10⁶ tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the right or left flank of the animal. Mice with established tumors (50-200 mm³) were selected for study (n=7-10/treatment group). Tumor dimensions were measured using calipers and tumor volumes were calculated using the equation for an ellipsoid sphere (1×w²)/2=mm³, where 1 and w refer to the larger and smaller dimensions collected at each measurement.

Mice were followed until tumor volumes in the control group reached approximately 1000 mm³ and were sacrificed by CO₂ euthanasia. The mean tumor volumes of each group were calculated. The change in mean treated tumor volume was divided by the change in mean control tumor volume, multiplied by 100 and subtracted from 100% to give the tumor growth inhibition for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard T-test and using GraphPad Prism© Software.

Example 70 N87 Gastric Carcinoma Xenograft

Tumors were established in mice, by innoculation of human N87 stomach cancer cells, according to example 69. Four treatment groups (n=7-10/treatment group) were established for study:

I. 4-[2-Amino-4-chloro-7-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-but-3-yn-1-ol, prepared as described in example 2 above, was administered at 8 mg/kg po II. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 8 mg/kg po III. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 16 mg/kg po IV. Vehicle alone was administered to the control group. The results are shown in FIG. 1, a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days).

Example 71 NC1295 Adrenocortical Carcinoma Xenograft

Tumors were established in mice, by innoculation of NCI295 adrenocortical carcinoma cells, according to example 69. Two treatment groups (n=7-10/treatment group) were established for study:

I. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 8 mg/kg po II. Vehicle alone was administered to the control group.

The results are shown in FIG. 2, a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days).

Example 72 SK-MEL-28 Melanoma Xenograft

Tumors were established in mice, by innoculation of ISK-MEL-28 melanoma cells, according to example 69. Two treatment groups (n=7-10/treatment group) were established for study:

I. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 8 mg/kg po II. Vehicle alone was administered to the control group. The results are shown in FIG. 3, a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days).

Example 73 HT29 Colon Carcinoma Xenograft

Tumors were established in mice, by innoculation of HIT29 Colon Carcinoma cells, according to example 69. Three treatment groups (n=7-10/treatment group) were established for study:

I. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 4 mg/kg po II. 5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpent-4-yn-2-ol, prepared as described in example 23 above, was administered at 8 mg/kg po III. Vehicle alone was administered to the control group. The results are shown in FIG. 4, a plot of tumor volume (mm³) against time (days).

Example 74 Pharmacodynamic Effects Preparation of Buffers and Reagents

The following reagents and buffers are prepared ahead of the experiments.

Western Lysis Buffer (WLS) contains 10 mM HEPES, 42 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF, 1 ug/ml Pepstatin A, 1 ug/ml Leupeptin, 5 ug/ml Aprotinin, and 1% Triton X-100. Aliquot and store at −20° C.

5× Western Sample Buffer (5×WSB) contains 20 ml glycerol, 4 ml β-mercaptoethanol, 5 g SDS, 12.5 ml 1M Tris pH 6.8, and 50 mg bormophenol blue. Add water to a final volume of 50 ml. Aliquot and store at −20° C.

Western Transfer Buffer contains 23.3 g Tris base, 116 g glycine and 1.6 L methanol. Add water to a final volume of 8 L and store at 4° C.

TBST (1×) contains 10 mM Tris pH8.0, 150 mM NaCl and 0.1% Tweene 20.

Blocking solution contains 5% nonfat dry milk in 1×TBST. Keep at 4° C.

Processing of Tumor Samples:

Snap-frozen N87 gastric carcinoma tumors are transferred from liquid nitrogen into −80° C. freezer. WLB is supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (stock at 100×) on ice. Each tumor is thawed on ice and transferred onto the lid of a Petri dish. It is covered with 50 ul of WLB and is dissected into smaller pieces with disposable scalpels. Any residual skin attached to the tumor is removed. The tumor pieces are then chopped further down, and transferred into 300-500 ul of ice-cold VLB. The minced sample is sonicated at setting 3 on Fisher Scientific's Sonic Dismembrator 550 until no more solid pieces can be broken down. The suspension is then centrifuged at 15,000 g, 4° C. for 5 minutes. The supernatant is collected into a clean Eppendorf tube on ice as lysate. 2 ul of the lysate is used for total protein quantification by following directions in the BCA

Protein Assay kit. The rest of the lysate is snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen while the BCA assay is in process. The total protein concentration in each lysate is calculated upon completion of BCA assay. The lysates are thawed in a water bath, and their total protein concentrations adjusted to 4-10 mg/ml using 5×WSB (to a final of 20% of the total volume) and WLB (if necessary). The adjusted lysates are boiled at 95° C. for 5 minutes and cooled to room temperature. At this stage, they are frozen at −20° C. for future Western blotting analysis.

Western Blotting Analysis:

The quantified and adjusted lysates from tumor or spleen samples are thawed in a water bath, and loaded at equal total protein amount onto 4-12% Tris-glycine precast gels together with biotinylated protein marker. Electrophoresis is carried out at 140V for 1.5 hours. The separated proteins in the gels are transferred onto PVDF membranes at 100V for about 1 hour in Western transfer buffer. The blots are incubated in blocking buffer at room temperature for 1 hour or at 4° C. overnight with gentle rocking. Primary antibodies against various HSP90 client proteins of interest are applied at room temperature for 1 hour with gentle rocking. Excess antibodies are washed off with six 5-minute washes in TBST. The blots are then incubated in BRP-conjugated secondary antibodies and streptavidin-HRP conjugate at room temperature for 1 hour with gentle rocking. Excess secondary antibodies and conjugate are washed off by six 5 minute washes in TBST. The blots are then developed using Pierce's SuperSignal West Femto chemilluminescent substrate by mixing freshly prepared equal volumes of luminal enhancer and peroxide buffer and adding the mixture onto the blots one at a time. The protein bands can be visualized on Bio-Rad's fluor-S Max2 MultiImager using Bio-Rad's Quantity One software.

The results of the Western Blott analysis are shown in FIG. 5.

The foregoing examples are not limiting and are merely illustrative of various aspects and embodiments of the present invention. All documents cited herein are indicative of the levels of skill in the art to which the invention pertains and are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. None, however, is admitted to be prior art.

One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The methods and compositions described illustrate preferred embodiments, are exemplary, and are not intended as limitations on the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art, and are encompassed within the spirit of the invention, as defined by the scope of the claims.

The invention illustratively described herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations which is not specifically disclosed herein. The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof. It is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments, optional features, modifications and variations of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the description and the appended claims.

In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of Markush groups or other grouping of alternatives, e.g., genuses, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group or subgenus, and exclusions of individual members as appropriate, e.g., by proviso.

Other embodiments are within the following claims. 

1-41. (canceled)
 42. A method of treating an individual having cancer comprising administering to said individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein: R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro; R² is —NH₂; R³ is substituted lower alkyl wherein the substituent on R³ is selected from —OP(O)(OH)₂ and —OR⁸ wherein R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ is selected from H, lower alkyl, —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ and —OR¹¹, wherein each R¹⁰ is independently selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl, or R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom, 0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; and R¹¹ is lower alkyl; R⁴ is lower alkylene; and R⁵ is 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl.
 43. The method of claim 42, wherein R³ is —(CH₂)_(n)OH, where n is 1, 2, or
 3. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein R³ is —(CH₂)_(m)C(R¹²)₂(CH₂)_(n)OH, wherein m is 0, 1, or 2; n is 1 or 2; and each R¹² is independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.
 45. The method of claim 42, wherein R³ is lower alkyl substituted with the group —OP(O)(OH)₂.
 46. The method of claim 42, wherein R⁴ is —CH₂—.
 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from compounds of the formula:


48. The method of claim 42, wherein the compound of Formula I is of the formula:


49. The method of claim 42, wherein the compound of Formula I is of the formula:


50. The method of claim 42, wherein the compound of Formula I is of the formula:


51. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has at least one cancer chosen from gastric cancer, adrenocortical cancer, melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia.
 52. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has leukemia.
 53. The method of claim 52, wherein said individual has chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
 54. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has gastric cancer.
 55. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has adrenocortical cancer.
 56. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has melanoma.
 57. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has colon cancer.
 58. The method of claim 42, wherein said individual has breast cancer.
 59. The method of claim 42, further comprising administering at least one therapeutic agent selected from cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, and anti-neoplastic agents.
 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-angiogenesis agent is selected from VEGF receptor inhibitors.
 61. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-angiogenesis agent is selected from angiostatin and endostatin.
 62. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-neoplastic agent is selected from alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, epidophyllotoxins, anti-neoplastic enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, procarbazines, mitoxantrones, platinum coordination complexes, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, and haematopoietic growth factors.
 63. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-neoplastic agent is selected from anthracyclines, vinca drugs, mitomycins, bleomycins, cytotoxic nucleosides, epothilones, discodermolide, pteridines, diynenes and podophyllotoxins.
 64. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-neoplastic agent is selected from paclitaxel and gemcitabine.
 65. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least one anti-neoplastic agent is selected from caminomycin, daunorubicin, aminopterin, methotrexate, methopterin, dichloromethotrexate, mitomycin C, porfiromycin, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, cytosine arabinoside, podophyllotoxin, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, melphalan, vinblastine, vincristine, leuorosidine, vindesine, leurosine, estramustine, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, ifosamide, melphalan, hexamethyl melamine, thiotepa, cytarabin, idatrexate, trimetrexate, dacarbazine, L-asparaginase, camptothecin, CPT-11, topotecan, ara-C, bicalutamide, flutamide, leuprolide, pyridobenzoindole derivatives, interferons, and interleukins.
 66. A method of treating an individual having a fibrogenic disorder comprising administering to said individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein: R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro; R² is —NH₂; R³ is substituted lower alkyl wherein the substituent on R³ is selected from —OP(O)(OH)₂ and —OR⁸ wherein R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ is selected from H, lower alkyl, —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ and —OR¹¹, wherein each R¹⁰ is independently selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl, or R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom, 0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; and R¹¹ is lower alkyl; R⁴ is lower alkylene; and R⁵ is 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl.
 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the fibrogenic disorder is selected from scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, keloid formation, interstitial nephritis and pulmonary fibrosis.
 68. A method of treating an individual having a neurological disorder comprising administering to said individual a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein: R⁰ is hydrogen; R¹ is chloro; R² is —NH₂; R³ is substituted lower alkyl wherein the substituent on R³ is selected from —OP(O)(OH)₂ and —OR⁸ wherein R⁸ is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, and —C(O)R⁹ wherein R⁹ is selected from H, lower alkyl, —NR¹⁰R¹⁰ and —OR¹¹, wherein each R¹⁰ is independently selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl, or R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ taken together with the N atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted ring comprising 3-7 ring atoms, wherein, in addition to said N atom, 0-3 of the ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; and R¹¹ is lower alkyl; R⁴ is lower alkylene; and R⁵ is 3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl. 